The Media Coverage Of Oscar Pistorius Case - 1462 Words

Essay (CRM 1410) The media coverage of Oscar Pistorius case The theory that I will discuss for my essay is called psychological positivism. Psychological positivism is a theory, which suggest that there is criminal personality that resides in the minds of the criminals. The theory was designed by Austrian neurologist called Sigmund Freud. He believed that some people committed crime due to certain internal factors that one had little or no control over. These internal factors can be formed due to lack of parental love or it can also be formed if an individual has suffered a tragedy in the past which can lead to an individual committing crime. Sigmund Feud also believed that there are more than one aspects to human personality. These aspects are id, ego and superego which developed over time in different stages in one’s life. The first thing that is developed in human personality is the id. It is a biological component of the personality, which include human’s basics. The id is our most primitive need gratification impulses. The second interacting force that is developed in our nature is called superego, which exist in all three of our consciousness. Superego is the higher power of our mind that is concerned with what is socially acceptable. The third and the last aspect of our personality is called ego which only exist in conscious and preconscious minds. The ego feature of our personality works according to reality principle. The reality principle is the idea that theShow MoreRelatedThe Psychological Positivism Theory On All Of The Mental Aspects Of Why An Individual Commits A Crime1504 Words   |  7 Pages92 – 108) On 14th February 2013, Oscar Pistorius shot and killed his South African model Reeva Steenkamp at his home in Pretoria. Pistorius approved that he shot Steenkamp, causing her death, but said that he mistook her for an intruder. The case of Oscar Pistorius had been ongoing for two years to establish if Oscar Pistorius murdered his girlfriend intentionally or not. The judge gave Oscar five years in prison for being convicted of culpable homicide. This case was ongoing with several trials asRead MoreMedia and The Agenda Setting Theory1337 Words   |  5 PagesDespite the right to one’s innocence preceding a fair and public trial, the indicted typically receives mass media coverage, making the individual susceptible to the opinion’s of the public. This is especially true in the case of a renowned individual, such as a celebrity or politician. The media’s coverage of the news, prior to a fair hearing, results in public scrutiny of subjects. Media involvement generate s public uproar, frequently resulting in the condemning of the accused preceding their rightRead MoreWhat Was O.j. Simpson Famous For The Murder? Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagesmustache and beard could help him escape the country unnoticed and also disguise himself once he has reached his intended hiding place. The gun would be used in case of a confrontation with the police. 4. Name two mistakes made by the prosecution. Two major mistakes made by the prosecution for the O. J. Simpson trial were filing the case in a downtown district (diverse Los Angeles) rather than the district where the crime was committed (wealthy white majority Santa Monica) and not pursuing the death

Essay about A Separate Peace What Really Happened in the...

A Separate Peace by John Knowles Separate Peace What really happened in the tree? Gene and Finny were very good friends; however, whatever happened in the tree the day the Finny fell out, is the actual cause of Gene Â…My knees bent and I jounced the limbÂ… page 52. In fact, Finny did not fall out of the tree, but Gene had actually pushed him out. Gene had very good reasons to push him out Finny had put him up to it, to finish me fro good on the exam. Page 49. He pushed him out of jealousy for two things. For athleticism, and for his popularity, and also for his ability to talk his way out of anything.. First, Finny was a very athletic person; however, Gene is just a normal average day person. Gene couldnt stand attempting to†¦show more content†¦When he and Gene had skipped dinner to go to the tree, they were caught when they were walking back. All he did was talk to the teacher right there, and nothing ever came up about again. Another time was when Finny was at the headmasters house for tea, he was wearing a tie as a belt, but the odd part was that it was the school tie. Again, Phineas explained to the headmaster, that wearing the school tie as a belt, contributed to the war effort. All he had to do was explain it, and he never got in trouble again. Gene probably wished he had the ability to do that; however, he knew that only Finny could do it, and with such ease. When Gene and Finny road to the beach, it was Finnys idea in the first place. They spent the night on the beach and when they got back Gene fails his triginometry test. Later Gene claims that Finny did it on purpose to lower his grade and make Finny look good. They never really told what Finnys intentions really were, they just explained what Gene was thinking, so Finny could be completely innocent, it was just Genes jealousy clouding his judgement. As you can see, Gene had much reason to push Finny out of the tree. It was from jealousy from Finnys athleticism, his popularity, and his ability to talk his way out of almost anything. Only Gene knew that Finny was the only person at the school that could accomplish so many things, and Gene did not want to deal with PhineasShow MoreRelatedA Separate Peace And To Kill A Mockingbird Analysis830 Words   |  4 Pages2017 The two novels A Separate Peace by John Knowles and To Kill a Mockingbird both share major commonalities within the text, which take multiple glances to fully comprehend. For instance, one major commonality that both novels share is the recurring symbol that plays a major role in the character’s lives. That symbol is the tree. This tree that captivates both Scout and Jem in To Kill a Mockingbird, and the tree that shows the bond between Gene and Finny in A Separate Peace. Contrarily, in bothRead MoreEssay on A Seperate Peace671 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"A Separate Peace† by John Knowles Separate Peace What really happened in the tree? Gene and Finny were very good friends; however, whatever happened in the tree the day the Finny quot;fellquot; out, is the actual cause of Gene â€Å"†¦My knees bent and I jounced the limb†¦Ã¢â‚¬  page 52. In fact, Finny did not fall out of the tree, but Gene had actually pushed him out. Gene had very good reasons to push him out â€Å"Finny had put him up to it, to finish me fro good on the exam.† Page 49. He pushed him out ofRead MoreAllusion In A Separate Peace1412 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"My god, what energy. You sound like General MacArthur† (Knowles 66). The historical allusion of the novel called A Separate Peace is when Finny compared Gene with General MacArthur. General MacArthur was a Five Star General and a Chief of Staff of the US Army during the World War II. Through his hard work, he managed to receive a Congressional Medal of Honor and be known as a very dedicated leader. Finny compares Gene with General MacArthur, because he looked like there was something importantRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of A Separate Peace By John Knowles857 Words   |  4 PagesA Separate Peace by John Knowles is ideal for a young adult audience, it gives the reader characters they can relate to, as well as a distinct turning point, and an interesting ending. Gene goes through two major conflicts: him against himself and himself against World War II. These two struggles draw out dominant traits that are also apparent in most young adults. Due to his competitive nature, Gene jounced the limb of the tree that makes Finny consequently fall. Moreover, s ince the reader doesRead MoreA Separate Peace And The Curious Incident Of The Dog1618 Words   |  7 PagesA Separate Peace and The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time were two very captivating coming of age novels. Although, while I was reading these novels, I may not have appreciated them at the time. Now as I am reflecting the themes and lessons that can be learned from the books, I am noticing just how great these books truly are. Just like all books, these two books carried important information and experiences that readers can learn from. Even though these books are both fiction, thatRead MoreWar s Relationship With People1404 Words   |  6 Pagespeople do wrong things and makes them regret about it later for a long time. One summer, Gene and Finny were used to be good friends, but because of jealousy, Gene frames Finny, as a result Finny broke his leg and he can t do sports any more. This happened at war time, and the war makes gene loose his mind, and makes him to express the anger to others. War is always bad, and it effects people so that they can t think straight, and they want release their anger to others like the meaning of war, whichRead More Genes Development in John Knowles A Separate Peace Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesGenes Development in John Knowles A Separate Peace Throughout life, there is always a person who one strives to beat, be better than or rise above. Little does each of them know that in the end the two actually make each other stronger. In John Knowles novel, A Separate Peace (1959), he addresses just this. The novel, told from Gene Forresters point of view, is based on a friendship and rivalry between him and his friend, Finny, during World War II. The two sixteen year olds attend DevonRead MoreA Separate Peace Character Analysis1162 Words   |  5 PagesThe novel A Separate Peace by John Knowles is a story about a group of boys attending a boarding school. The story takes place from the summer of 1942 to the summer of 1943. The main protagonist, Gene, is a nervous, shy intellectual who tags along with his best friend, Phineas, a relaxed, attractive athlete. The two boys are close companions, practically never leaving each other’s side. During their senior year at the Devon school, the boys and their peers deal with the inte rtwining stress of highschoolRead MoreFriendship in A Separate Peace Essay806 Words   |  4 PagesFriendship in A Separate Peace A Separate Peace is a story about two youths, Gene and Phineas, growing up at a beautiful boys’ boarding school in New England. Set at the background of the World War II, the friendship between them grows as the peace in Devon School diminishes. Gene and Phineas are like two poles of a magnet, opposite yet bound together. Gene is academic, Finny is athletic; Gene is hard worker, Finny is not; Finny is the extroverted leaderRead More A Separate Peace Essay example1149 Words   |  5 Pages A Separate Peace: by John Knowles nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During World War II in the struggle for peace among nations comes a smaller, but still significant struggle, in a prep school boy becoming a man and waking up to reality. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the book A Separate Peace, the author John Knowles, creates the image of two sixteen-year old boys struggling to keep what little sense of peace they know, even though there is a war going on all around them. Gene Forrester, the

Online Therapy Sites - 1574 Words

Online Therapy Sites Online therapy is professional counseling services that are offered over the internet. Online therapy allows clients and professionals to communicate over the internet without having to communicate in the traditional office visits. In addition, online therapy allows clients and patients to attend online counseling in which the clients will feel more comfortable and less intimidated. On the other hand, clients are more likely to be open and honest when communicating through online sessions. As a result, counselors will be able to provide better and more effective treatment options and plans for the clients. Furthermore, online therapy is available to clients who have difficulty making appointments on-time and in the†¦show more content†¦Before beginning the online process, each client has to fill out an online questionnaire. Once Jacqueline receives the client’s questionnaire, she will then review it and provide suggestions. Clients can e-mail her as many times as they would like. Furthermore, if a client wants to communicate over the phone, then Jackie will prepare a different schedule for the clients in which it is a different process than the online process (Marriage Matters, LLC - Online Counseling, 2013). Additionally, Jackie provides online counseling that allows clients to work with their spouses through online interaction. In general, Jackie believes that online counseling works because clients are able to get assistance quickly about their main concerns. Nevertheless, Jackie feels that she provides a concrete understanding and provides suggestions and recommendations that will help clients to clarify, resolve, or improve the situation that is present. Jackie strives at working with many clients by providing follow-up clarification and explanations if need be. This will help clients to improve their lives and be able to move forward in life without any obstacles. Furthermore, Jackie feels that online counseling allows clients to take as much time as needed in order to provide information about their situation and be able to get a quickly respond back. Also, there are printable documents that clients can review and clients do not need to make any appointments.Show MoreRelatedOnline Therapy Paper1529 Words   |  7 PagesOnline Therapy Heather Lattea BSHS/352 Instructor Andrade August 13, 2012 Online Therapy Online therapy has emerged as a viable new option in the helping profession. Online therapy or e-therapy occurs when a therapist provides therapy and support over the Internet. E-mail, chat, video, or smart phone are all waysRead MoreOnline Therapy1437 Words   |  6 PagesOnline Therapy BSHS/352 February 3,2014 Online Therapy Therapy can be seen as a way for a client to work through an issue in their life. A client may find that they dont feel comfortable sitting in an office with a therapist discussing their issues or concerns but that they would rather obtain therapy by accessing the Internet and utilizing online therapy. With modern technology it makes it much easier to access different forms of online therapyRead MoreOnline Therapy1057 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation. Therapy may be considered a clients maximum force in obtaining control of their problems they face during their lives. In current years therapy has evolved into a higher-level of treatment and can be taken online. Online therapy is cost effective, convenient, and helps with time management. On the web currently there are uncountable amounts of online therapy organizations available for individuals to benefit from, if needed. To obtain knowledge of the details of online therapy I haveRead MoreOnline Therapy1280 Words   |  6 PagesOnline Therapy Daryl Hartlauer BSHS-375 06/18/2015 David B. Lagerson Online Therapy The purpose of this paper is to investigate and to report how on-line therapy is currently being implemented in treatment today. I will be looking at three different current services and how they are regulated, how they are implemented, security issues, ethical issues, and treatment facilitation. In my opinion on-line therapy offers some unique advantages both for the client and the therapistRead MoreOnline Therapy Paper1114 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Online Therapy Paper Shanika Elebeck BSHS 375 June 23, 2015 Ms. Reyes Online Therapy Paper Technology has made an enormous advancement with the helping field through technical applications. Applications like Skype can allow a person to communicate through video. A person can use Skype for personal and professional purposes. Applications that allow a person to video chat have been used to perform online doctor visits and online psychotherapy services. Like everything in this world nothingRead MorePersonal Statement On Online Counseling Essay1376 Words   |  6 Pagescom/blog/listing/sarah-b-raines-ms-ncc-lpca-2/ Specialists on this type of sites ask about potential clients’ records and use them to gain an understanding their mental issues. After that, experts offer strategies, plans and well as methods for dealing with difficult issues. Therapists who work online will conduct consistent conferences while keeping the record of patients improvement like a physician who operates out of an office. Online therapists use different strategies than a traditional mental healthRead MoreIntroducing The Internet Into The Therapeutic Relationship1366 Words   |  6 Pages On the obstacle side, online counseling provides complex and unique ethical concerns from the clinician’s perception, particularly as it relates to couples counseling. What is online counseling? What ethical issues do practicing MFTs perceive regarding online counseling to couples? Web-based Couples Therapy Interventions Though internet-based interventions for couples are available as preventative measures like advice websites for relationships and enrichment sites for satisfied dyads (CicilaRead MoreOnline Therapy Paper1146 Words   |  5 PagesMARY H. GOODMAN JUNE 20TH, 2013 ONLINE THERAPY PAPER BSHA/352 TECHNOLOGY IN HUMAN SERVICES JASON ANDRADE ONLINE THERAPY PAPER INTRODUCATION This paper will discuss conduct and discuss three different online therapy sites. It will discuss the contact of each website, the professional involved, how the actual online interaction occurs. It will address how professional associations and state boards view online therapy. It will discuss the related security and ethical issues, such as informedRead MoreTips For A Therapist Web Site Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesReview Therapist Web Hosts for Your Therapist Web Site We are here to review website hosts as you consider if building a therapist web site is a project you should or need to undertake? It really does not matter if you are an out call therapist, have your own clinic or intend to do chair massage. You will need to utilize the internet to connect with your clientele. Have you heard the saying what came first the Chicken or the Egg. Or the one that says do not put all your EGGS in ONE BASKET. Read MoreUtilizing Online Social Networking Sites Essay1111 Words   |  5 Pagestask to research and understand why such sites as LinkedIn help human service organizations stay connected with their professional community and other human service professionals. In addition to researching how these sites enhance more quality services and support and how additional training keeps you up to date and competitive against other organizations. History of LinkedIn LinkedIn is a site used by business professionals all over the world. This site provides business professionals and other

Analysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s Writing Style - 864 Words

Nathaniel Hawthorne was a prominent writer of his time, mainly through using symbolism, but the question is why use a literary device that constantly points to a reason behind the story? In order to understand why Hawthorne use symbolism we must look for the reason he does it. Also, we will look at his writing style that will see what influences gave him the motive to use symbolism in his works. When he was a child, his father was a sailor, who would traveled the seas until his death 1808. Hawthorne would read his logbooks that detail his father’s many adventures on the seas, this would help him when he wrote and publish his first novel in 1828. However, in writing more stories, Hawthorne developed his own writing style based off his own beliefs. Although, his style was an outdated literary technique, it helped revolutionize modern literature by applying psychology and human nature in stories to invoke emotional quality within a story. In addition, confrontation was another p art that defines Hawthorne’s writing style. At the time Hawthorne wrote his stories, printing technology was not advanced and where his symbolism comes to play. He would write lengthy visual descriptions because his audience would not read the setting where the story is in. Next, we will mention some of his stories that personally express his use of symbolism and what they represent. One of Hawthorne’s best works to use symbolism is The Scarlet Letter, where the story’s heroine Hester PrynneShow MoreRelatedRomanticism And Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1461 Words   |  6 PagesRomanticism and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter Literary Romanticism was a literary movement that started in Europe toward the late 1700’s and reached America in the early 19th century just in time for its peak years. Originally sparked by the Industrial Revolution, it was a response to the political and social conditions of the time as well as a challenge to the new type of scientific exploration and rationalization of everyday life. Writing that was grand and inspired great feeling andRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Mind1900 Words   |  8 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne-The Mind Nathaniel Hawthorne was born July 4, 1804 he was known as an American novelist, who writes dark romantic short stories. He was born in Salem, Massachusetts to his parents to Nathaniel Hathorne and Elizabeth Clarke Manning. Nathaniel Hawthorne was originally named Nathaniel Hathorne but he later added a w to make his name Hawthorne in order to hide the relation to his ancestor John Hathorne, who was the only judge involved in the Salem witch trials who never feltRead MoreCharacterization In The Scarlet Letter1374 Words   |  6 Pagesevents in an author’s life affect the style and content of their literate, which is expressed throughout Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter. Pearl is outcasted from society because of her non-conformity to rigid Puritan morals, similar to how Hawthorne alienates his own daughter Una for having a more masculine personality. These aspects all mirror Hawthorne s emotions and hardships of his early life through the literary element of characterization. The analysis of Pearl emphasizes how The ScarletRead MoreFiction Essay - Young Goodman Brown and the Lottery1051 Words   |  5 PagesFICTION ESSAY WRITING STYLE USED: APA OUTLINE I. THESIS: A thorough analysis of Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† and Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† reveals that different literary elements, such as tone and setting, are used to convey the characters’ arrival at dark, sinister places. II. INTRODUCTION III. SHIRLEY JACKSON’S â€Å"THE LOTTERY† A. Setting the tone: Peaceful and relaxing B. Irony: Even though the mood is relaxing, there is a premonition of something bad toRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe Scarlet Letter Cue Card Title: The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne Date the Book was Published: 1850 Plot: A young woman named Hester Prynne is found of adultery. She had an illegitimate child and now has to wear the letter A on her chest to represent adulterer. She has been sentences to three hours of scolded punishment and a lifetime of being branded. Reverend Wilson and reverend Dimmesdale question Hester about the child s father. She refuses to give up the name. Her old husbandRead MoreA Small Good Thing By Raymond Carver And The Birthmark Essay1877 Words   |  8 PagesA Small Birthmark with Vampiric Communion In the stories â€Å"A Small Good Thing† by Raymond Carver and â€Å"The Birthmark† by Nathaniel Hawthorne there are obvious differences between the two tales. While â€Å"A Small Good Thing† has to do with a family dealing with the injury and then loss of their â€Å"The Birthmark† is a scientific quest to remove a birthmark. The analysis of these two stories show both similarities as well as the differences between the main themes of Vampirism, Communion. These two main themesRead More The Theme of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay2278 Words   |  10 Pagesdevelop an interpretation of the theme of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†.    To come by a clear notion of the theme of   â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is no easy task, thanks to the confusing style of the author. As A.N. Kaul says in the â€Å"Introduction† to Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays:    Because Hawthorne was much given to evasions, mystifications, and prevarications of various sorts, because he repeatedly confuses the issues by shying sway from them, because he often talks of his fictionRead MoreMost Dangerous Game vs. Young Goodman Brown Essay2278 Words   |  10 PagesFiction Essay COURSE # and TITLE: ENGL 102: Literature and Composition SEMESTER OF ENROLLMENT: Spring B19 2012 NAME: Nick Barbir ID #_23920518_ WRITING STYLE USED: MLA Nick Barbir Mrs. Horne ENGL 102-B19 6 February 2012 The Most Dangerous Game vs. Young Goodman Brown In two of the most well-known short stories, â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, there are ironic similarities portraying evil between their settings, characterization, and plotRead MoreLouisa May Alcott s Beginnings And Family Life2874 Words   |  12 Pagesof her writing and helped her become very successful later on in her life. Early years Influences Later years Works Summary Little Women Author Analysis Intro. Thesis: Louisa May Alcott’s stories describe the child’s path to virtue, have the similar moral of simplicity as the best path, and are drawn from Alcott’s childhood. Learning to become virtuous Stories drawn from childhood Similar moral of simplicity Recreation Explanation Intro. Thesis: The story mimics Alcott’s writing styleRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†

Saddam, Iraq, And The Gulf War Essay Example For Students

Saddam, Iraq, And The Gulf War Essay War,justifiable or not, is complete madness. It is hell. No matter what thecause,or what the reason is, war remains mankinds greatest source oftragedy,the plague of mankind, and the plague of this country. Our countryhasexisted for only 200 years, a relatively short time, and already we havebeeninvolved in over eleven major wars. Four have been fought this lastfiftyyears. We are a nation of freedom, but we are also a nation of strongmilitarypresence. Our reasons for going to war have differed little frommostnations. Political, social, and economic factors working alone or witheachother lead us into all of our conflicts. A drive for independencebroughton the Revolutionary war. A common fear of living in a dividedsocietycreated the Civil War. The need to bring down an aggressive nationtookthe United States into the Korean War. And territorial disputes laybehindthe Mexican-American and American Indian Wars. Like most countries,theUnited States, at different periods, has been victimized by the darkforcesof war. Though reasons (or excuses) the American people have been givento theAmerican people to justify military action were given before mostof ourwars, not every war has been popular. Ever since the RevolutionaryWar upuntil the Vietnam War, and even through to the Gulf War, publicsupport hassequentially increased or decreased. For example, less thanhalf of the earlycolonists backed Americas war of independence.1 Accordingto historians,more than one third wanted to maintain their status ofcolonists.2 During theSpanish-American War, such a strong anti-war moodwas being expressed by theAmerican people, the Democratic party madecondemning the war a major part oftheir election campaign. More recently,the Vietnam War divided the nationlike no other conflict had since theCivil War. Yet, there have been some wars that have attained much support,and much haseven given people pride and joy. How ironic, and morbid,that a war couldgive a person feelings of joy or pride. World War Iand World War II wereincredibly popular, since people thought the basisof democracy was at stake. During both wars, people were so committedto winning the war, and had such asense of self-sacrifice, our nationshowed incredible unity for such adiverse country. Support for foodand fuel rationing was overwhelming, highrates of enlisted volunteers,purchases of war bonds, and countless othertypes of voluntary actionswere characteristic of the times. Most recently,the Persian Gulf Warshowed to be one of this countrys more popular wars,despite the factwe, as a land mass, were never directly endangered. Thousands showedup for rallies to send off the troops. Tens of thousands ofindividualsand families across the nation sent packages of food, clothes,cassettes,CDs, suntan oil, and even cosmetics. Some wrote letters to unknownsoldiersin the front line, and gave them their best wishes. In fact, mostpublicopinion polls showed that about 90 percent of all Americans approvedofthe Gulf War. 3This paper covers in detail the history of Iraqs involvementin the eventsleading to the war in the Persian Gulf, the involvementof the United States,and the main events that took place in OperationDesert Shield and DesertStorm. For centuries, the Middle Easthas been one of the most important, mostargued about, and most foughtover areas of the world. One reason for this istheir strategic location. Since it lies at what many call the crossroads ofthree continents-Europe, Asia and Africa- people of these continents oftenhad to crossthrough the Middle East to establish military and trade routes. To protectthese routes, other nations took the advantage of conquering andcontrollinga nearby Middle Eastern country. An addition to the Middle Eastbeinga very strategic area, it is also an area that has been plagued byhostilityand opposition for centuries. Among the most recognized and mostrelevantof these is the Arab-Israeli conflict. On May 14, 1948, an announcementfrom Palestine shocked the world. DavidBenGurion, leader of the Jewishforces, announced the establishment of thenation of Israel. The Jewshad decided to declare their independence beforethe UN officially grantedit. By doing this, the Jews were able to postponethe UN decision todivide Palestine and had more control over Israel. TheUnited Statesimmediately recognized the new state. The Soviet Union and mostotherUN nations recognized it as well. Just as quickly, the members of theArabLeague declared war on Israel. Armies from six Arab nations marched intoPalestine. Theresulting 1948 Arab-Israeli War lasted less than eight months. Eventhoughthe combined population of the Arab nations was over four times largerthanthat of Israel, the Israelis won an astounding victory. In the war,Israeliforces succeeded in capturing some of the land that the UN providedtothe Arabs. In January 1949, Israel controlled 30 percent more land thattheUN originally assigned to them. Thousands of Arabs that lived on thislandbecame refugees or had to live under Israeli rule. The problem of whattodo about these displaced Palestinians has been a weak point to any typeofMiddle Eastern peace ever since. Angry and humiliated over theirdefeat, many Arabs criticized the UnitedStates for recognizing and supportingIsrael during the 1948 war. Thus beginsthe conflict. Convinced thatthe United States would continue to back andsupport Israel, severalArab nations turned to the Soviet Union for militaryand economic aid. The Soviets agreed and supplied them with weapons andmoney. In orderto limit Soviet actions in this region, as well as assistIsrael, theUnited States became more allied with Israel and more involved inMiddleEast affairs. When the Arabs raised oil prices in the 1970s, some MiddleEastern countriesgrew quite wealthy. Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait,which Britain grantedindependence in 1961, benefited enormously fromgrowing oil profits. Theincrease in wealth also increased tensions amongthe oil-producing nationsthemselves. For instance, both Iraq and itsneighbor Iran wanted to controloil shipping in the Persian Gulf. Thisrivalry reopened an old Iraqi-Iraniandispute. Since the 1800s, Iraqisand Iranians had argued and fought over the Shattal-Arab waterway onthe northern edge of the Persian Gulf. Important totrade, the waterwaywas essential to the economics of both countries. In1979, the disputegot out of hand, and each side threatened the other. OnSeptember 17,1980, Iraqs president Saddam Hussein claimed complete controlof theShatt al-Arab and ordered all Iranian ships to leave. Five days later,Iraqitroops invaded Iran and destroyed key Iranian oil installations. TheIranianscounter-attacked, blowing up many Iraqi oil facilities. The eightyearwar that followed was the bloodiest yet seen in the Middle East. Anestimatedone million people were killed in the conflict. Both sides launchedmissileattacks against one another, and both used chemical weapons on thebattlefield. Bob marley1 EssayWithmost of Iraqs radar warning systems down and the Iraqi air force ontherun, Allied bombers and attack planes were free to attack all of theirtargetswithout fear of being shot down. American bombers flew unchallengedthroughthe sky, devastating targets all over. British tornado jets cruisedlowover Iraqi airfields, destroying hangars and demolishing runways, makingthemuseless. American warships in the Persian Gulf launched over one hundredTomahawkcruise missiles equipped with computerized cameras. These deviceswerepre-programmed with detailed maps of Iraqi terrain. With adequate yetdeadlyaccuracy, the missiles found the launch sites, oil refineries, powerstations,and other targets. It was now Saddams turn to act. After labeling Bushas the Satan of theWhite House,7 he began his attack on January 18,1991. His attack shockedpeople around the world. Following through onhis promise to strike outagainst Israel, he ordered a missile attackagainst the Israelis at about2:00 AM. Detecting the incoming Scuds,the entire population of Tel-Aviv puton their gas masks. This was becauseof another threat by Saddam that hewould burn half of Israel withchemical weapons. Suddenly, after only 20minutes after the announcement,eight Scuds appeared over Israel. Two hit TelAviv, three hit a portcity named Haifa, and the other two landed in openfields. The Scudscaused only fifteen injuries and no deaths; they wereembarrassinglyinaccurate. Many people around the world were outraged bythis, callinghim a barbarian and a madman. Many people were surprised that Israeldid not retaliate against Iraq, asthey are know for their quick counterattacks. They held back at the requestof President Bush. He feared that if theIsraelis joined the Allied effort,many of the Arab nations would quit. He compromised by promising to hunt downthe Scud launchers in Iraq. He also promised to protect Israel from furtherScud attacks by use ofthe Patriot missiles. Meanwhile, the Allies continued their strategicbombings at the rate ofthousands per day. Allied warplanes destroyedbridges, airfields, andmilitary centers. Iraqs two nuclear power plantswere leveled. By earlyFebruary 1991, the 4.5 million people of Baghdadhad almost no electricity ofrunning water. Hundreds of Iraqi tanks hadbecome charred, smashed hunks ofmetal scattered around the desert. Mostof Iraqs military and industrialbuildings were demolished. Tens ofthousands of Iraqi military personnel weredead, while Allied fatalitiesnumbered less than one hundred. Still, Saddamrefused to surrender. OnFebruary 22, President Bush delivered a warning to the Iraqi dictator. Saddamhad to begin withdrawing from Kuwait by the 22nd, or face the groundattackthe Allies were preparing for. To nobodys surprise, Saddam againrefusedthe warning. The ground attack started at 8:00 PM on February 22,1991. Bush determined that Iraq did not meet the conditions, and askedGeneralNormal Schwartzkopf to use all forces available, including groundforces,to eject the Iraqi army out of Kuwait. The overall plan of theAlliedattack was to move troops northward into southern Iraq and cut offKuwaitfrom the rest of Iraq. Then the Allies would focus on defeating Iraqiforcesin Kuwait. For weeks the Allied commanders had kept their troopsstationedin the Saudi desert just north of Kuwait. But at the last minute,theAllies shifted their forces to the west, south of Iraq. The Iraqis werenotaware of these changes. They did not have informative aircraft surveyingtheAllied movements. General Schwarzkopf also stationed eighteen thousandUSMarines in plain sight in the Persian Gulf near the Kuwaiti coast. Thinkingthere would be an amphibious assault, the Iraqis pulled thousandsof troopsout of the desert and put them near the coast. They were takencompletely bysurprise when the huge mass of the Allied assault penetratednorthward intoIraq. At the same time, farther west, French and Americantroops sneakedacross southern and central Iraq. They were trapped. Whilethe other troops were invading Iraq, a combined force of Americans,Saudis,Egyptians, and Syrians launched an assault into southern Kuwait. Hundredsof tanks moved in and opened fire on Iraqi desert positions. Overfiftythousand troops followed. Most of the Iraqis in the desert along theKuwaiti-Saudiborder were already wiped out from weeks of bombing raids. Dayafterday, hour after hour air attacks pounded Iraqi bunkers and trenches. Itwasa living hell for those soldiers. And they knew they were defeated. Alltheywanted to do was to go home- the war did not matter any longer. As aresult,the invasion of Kuwait was a success, and thousands of Iraqi soldiersdecidedto surrender rather than face certain death. All that was left nowwasclean up. Allies went on a search and kill mission to rid Kuwait of whatwasleft of the Iraqi soldiers. The next day, newspapers around the worldhad the this on their headline inbig, bold lettering: KUWAIT FREED!War is over. War in the end, seems to be a glorious thing. Especiallyin this Gulf War. Clearly you had the aggressor, the bad guy, SaddamHussein, and the good guy,George Bush. Things turned out like somethingout of a movie; the good guywins easily, the bad guy looses with disgrace. Certainly it felt like a movieto us all, with the extensive press coverageand abundance of video captured. In this I feel we have taken war inthe wrong way. War is not something to belooked at as great, or forthat matter funny. I remember the various videoshots of missiles destructingbuildings, night vision video of bewilderedIraqi soldiers falling overin death from an enemy they cannot even see orhear It makes me cringeto think that these images are shown for ouramusement, not for us tosee the cruelty of war. It is true that Saddam is infact a madman, butthis does not label every single Iraqi citizen, or soldieras one. Welook at gruesome footage of a charred Iraqi body, frozen whilesittingup in his burnt truck- and we laugh. I think we have to rethinkexactlywhat we fought this war for, was it worth the death on both sides,andwhy we put such a low humanitarian priority on the lives of ouropponents. NicholasSinghemailprotectedPICARDesign Graphics-http://members.aol.com/picdesign/-Servingall you graphical needs. Words/ Pages : 2,898 / 24

Kobe Earthquake Essay Example For Students

Kobe Earthquake Essay An earthquake is defined as a shaking or trembling of the earth that is volcanic or tectonic in origin. In the case of the Great Hyogo (Hanshin) earthquake of Kobe, Japan it is tectonic in origin. This devastating earthquake which occurred on the 17th of January at 5:46 a.m measured at a whopping 7 (7.2) on the Richter scale. This was the largest recorded earthquake to ever hit Japan. According to the Japan Meteorological its epicentre was in 34.6? north and 135.0? east in the northern tip of Awaji Island with a focal depth of 14 km. According to the results of the recorded in 24 observation centre, the fracture which triggered the earthquake was happened inside the Nojima Fault. Also investigation in the sea bed by the Ocean observatory Centre shows that the cracks occurred in Nojima Fault. This fault forms a part of a group of faults known as the Rokko Fault, which extends from Awaji Island through Kobe City to the foot of Mount Rokko. The movement of the fault can be explained by the Tectonic characteristic of west Japan. The main reason for the big earthquakes in west part of Japan are the tectonic activities of the Eurasian, the Pacific, the North America and the Philippine plates. The collision between these plates in the central part of Honshu (Japan main island) is the main source of strain accumulation in the crust of western part of Japan. Casualty figures quickly mounted by the hour and when it was all said and done 5,472 people had lost their lives and 415,000 people were left injured. By the fourth day after the earthquake about 310,000 residents spent the night at 1,077 refugee centres. More than 350 fires broke out wiping out around 100 hectares of densely populated area. Fire fighting was virtually ineffective due to an inadequate water supply and access to fires. Lifeline facilities were severely damaged over a large area and following the earthquake, 900,000 households were left without electricity, 850,000 households were without gas, and water supply cuts affected about 2.5 million people. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) Corp.s 160,000 lines out of 800,000 lines were out of order. The damage to major infrastructure, especially to the elevated expressway and shinkansen (bullet train) tracks, shocked engineers, planners and the general public. According to news reports its tracks were damaged at 42 locatio ns. The first Shinkansen train was to run 30 minutes after the time of the earthquake. Had the disaster occurred few hours later, with an average capacity of about 1,600 passengers/train, casualty rate could have been much higher. Sections of elevated Hanshin expressway toppled virtually cutting off major transport lines to the affected areas. A contiguous section supported by eighteen single columns had fallen sideways in Higashi Nada-ku. Modern buildings and structures retrofitted with up-to-date engineering techniques fared well in the Great Hyogo quake. Much of the damage occurred in traditionally built older homes and in areas near the coast where liquefaction of the soil caused instability in structures. A large number of reinforced concrete structures were completely devastated. The economic damage estimates vary from around 100 150 billion dollars US. The most extensively and severely damaged structures were smaller commercial buildings (often with residences upstairs) constructed with limited engineering design and traditional homes. The smaller commercial and mixed occupancy buildings are typically framed with wood or light steel and have walls of stucco over wood slats. Many of these buildings have a large shop window in the front and lack interior walls, factors which weaken the first floor. Traditional homes, typically those built before the 1970s, have heavy tile roofs with tiles set in a thick clay and mud mortar, few partitions, and are not waterproofed which causes widespread dry rot and water damage. Little nailing is used; wood joinery is more common. Many casualties were found in damaged and collapsed traditional homes. The heavy tile roofs stressed the walls, which cracked, crumbled and often collapsed, triggering fires from broken gas pipes. The Kobe earthquake exposed more modern and engineered buildings to stronger forces than any previous earthquake. The preliminary report indicates more studies are needed to evaluate seismic codes, design practice and construction methods; and to make improvements based on the studies. The failure of transportation structures produced dramatic and frightening images flashed across the world following the quake. Perhaps the most memorable image was a bridge on the Hanshin expressway which rolled over. Most of the damage to bridges occurred to older structures designed before modern earthquake engineering. The damage was typically column shear and structures that broke instead of bending. Other more modern structures suffered extensive damage due to liquefiable soils along the bay. The Akashi Suspension Bridge bore the brunt of the earthquake with essentially no damage an example of how engineering can prevent damage during earthquakes. Rail facilities were hard hit and more casualties and fatalities would have resulted if the quake had occurred during comm ute times. Railway structures failed because of shear failures in support structures, inadequate restraint between spans at critical joints, and large ground movements causing spans to fall off supports; also many cars rolled because of the ground movement. The Port of Kobe suffered extensive damage, mainly due to liquefaction. Modern design criteria are more stringent and liquefiable soils can now be identified and the effects mitigated. Had the port conformed to modern design standards, the damage would likely have still been severe but less than the damage that occurred. Electric power and telecommunications systems performed remarkably well during the earthquake, with little or no disruption to service. Water pipelines sustained severe damage, causing a general lack of service in Kobe, Ashiya and Nishinomiya. Some residents we reinformed to expect no water service for two months. The lack of water also inhibited firefighting efforts. It is expected that the sewer system suffere d similar damage. The gas system sustained numerous breaks, which will interrupt service to residents for several months. .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb , .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb .postImageUrl , .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb , .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb:hover , .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb:visited , .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb:active { border:0!important; } .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb:active , .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uffe30448f324b67b042c218133845bdb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Immanuel Kant - Enlightenment EssayThe Great Hanshin (Hyogo) Earthquake has had a profound influence on Japans earthquake preparedness. Voices are heard urging more emphasis on relief and non structural measures from a disaster mitigation strategy heavily depended on structural measures. Bitter criticism is levelled at government for slow response and inadequate preparedness. The earthquake, which proved to be a combination of a number of worst case scenarios, again reminded us that fight against natural disasters is an endeavour where one cannot afford to relax. Bibliography:None