Decadal Behaviour of Sand Bars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decadal Behaviour of Sand Bars - Essay Example The scope of the material I gave a 15/25 and the structured argument received a 8/15. The reason for such a low score was that the report seemed to be a conglomeration of research and facts but it was not cohesive at all. The message of the paper was unclear or non-existent. The report did not show how the information related back to the abstract, and the information seemed to be presented in such a way that the writer of the paper was listing facts concerning the different bars, but that was all that was listed. There seemed to be a total lack of explanations or arguments throughout the entire paper, although there was definitely sufficient evidence to support the arguments if any had been made. It was nice to find that there was that large amount of information available, but it would have served a better purpose if that information had been presented in a way that would lead the reader to a conclusion. The paper itself was very informative, but was also difficult to read. I gave the paper 20/25 points for the information even though there was no flow to the paper. There was (as I stated before) a plethora of information to whet the reader's appetite. It was disheartening to not enjoy the full meal. The structure of this pa

Morality & differentiate Essay Example for Free

Morality differentiate Essay Morality is defined as the ability to differentiate what is right and what is wrong. While the concept may seem simple enough, in reality however it is much more complex than that. The main question is how does one define right and wrong? If something is deemed as â€Å"right†for one person, does it automatically mean that it is the right one for another? This rather confusing view of morality is exemplified in the current saying that â€Å"one mans terrorist is another mans patriot. † Truly, morality is not that easy to define. Morality however it seems is more often than not defined by the society at large. A society is define as a group of individuals that have common interests as well as have their own culture. This concept of society and morality is highly apparent in the novel by Azar Nafisi title â€Å"Reading Lolita in Tehran, A Memoir in Books. † Nafisi is in Iranian scholar who emigrated in 1997 to the United States. The book mentioned in the title is the novel by Vladimir Nabokov which tells the story of a middle aged man who has sexual obsessions with a pre-teen girl, specifically a twelve-year old girl. Although Nafisis novel isnt just about this particular book, Lolita is however one of those books considered as controversial in Iran. Novels like One Thousand and One Nights, Invitation to a Beheading, The Great Gatsby and Pride and Prejudice, are also included and their similarity to what is happening in Iran. It is Lolita however that gets a rather good exposure in the book. Nafisis novel however goes much deeper that what the title actually says. It gives a rather good view on what happens to the people when a society suddenly changes its view on things. Nafisis book gives a closer look to what happened in Iran when Ayatollah Khomeini gained power after the Islamic revolution. One of this was the decree requiring women of Iran to follow a dress code. Iranian women were now required to wear veils. An issue that Nafisis tackles a lot in her book. This simple decree caused a great deal of change in Iran. Prior to the decree, Iranian women did not wear veils. For most women, the decree was considered as a restriction to their freedom. Women who do not follow this rule are often detained. As a result, wearing the veil also restricted how people interacted with one another. One reason for this change in interaction is the differences in their reactions to the decree. While some stated that they â€Å"hated†it, others supported it saying it made them feel more â€Å"relaxed. † In general though, women who did not wear veils were considered immoral and even unchaste by the society at large. The decree requiring the veil also allowed for segregation and discrimination. The veil made women have a less status that the men. The veil did not only change the relationships that people had with each other but also on their individual roles and responsibilities. While women were still allowed to go to universities, these were still subjected to suppression by those in power. Segregation was not the only thing that was practiced in the universities but those who were found talking to the opposite sex were punished by the religious authorities. In fact, because the school where Nafisi taught was rather liberal, school officials were often asked if they believed the school was located in Switzerland, the word being connected with all things considered decadent and lax. The wearing of the veil also made women subservient to men who had to follow whatever was said to them. This change in culture actually continued despite Khomeinis death. According to Nafisi, Khomeinis real death would only come when women were not required to wear scarves in public anymore. By interjecting the novel Lolita in her book, Nafisi shows what the society truly is. A country doing its best to live in a fantasy world. In Lolita, the main protagonist Humbert Humbert, wishes to have the perfect Lolita. Implementing the decree on the wearing of the veil in reality reveals Khomeinis dream of having a truly perfect Koranic society. Nafisi argues that much like story, where Humberts pursuit eventually destroys Lolita, Iran may likely experience the same. Living in a fantasy world though may not be that bad. Nafisis book tells us that we all need to create a paradise to escape into. ( 281) She however immediately corrects this and say that â€Å"fiction was not a panacea, but it did not offer us a critical way of appraising and grasping the world not just our world but that other world that had become the object of our desires. † ( 282) Going back to Lolita and its relation with the Iranian society, Iran is much like Humbert who despite molesting the young Lolita, appears normal in other parts of his life. By implementing a standard on morality, the Iranian society was telling people that it was normal to do so in order to run the country better. And like Humbert, the Iranian society does not blame itself but others for what is wrong. Humbert wants Lolita to become what is perfect for him, no different from what the regime wants for its citizens. The Iranian regime blames the â€Å"dissidents† for what has happened to the country hence the imposition of the new rules or codes of morality. The new codes of morality while restricting activities of most of its citizens, have also made their lives more exciting. What was then ordinary activities where now being done as a secret mission. People who wanted to watch foreign films, eat ice cream, or even meet without wearing veils were doing so in secret. Thus while the citizens were openly showing their support for the rules, they were also secretly doing normal things that were now considered as taboo. The imposition of codes of morality this did not totally alter the responsibilities of the citizens and their roles but only on how they performed it. As mentioned earlier, the issue of morality is a very complex one. By imposing a standard on morality, the Iranian regime thus changed the way its citizens behaved. Women now found their freedom curtailed as they were required to wear veils and not allowed to talk to persons of the other sex. Activities that were regularly considered as norm where now being done in secret. While most people were still allowed to hold their jobs, they faced the constant scrutiny of the religious sector. While Iranian women and people around the world viewed these changes as something negative, the regime however defended its actions by stating that the change was needed. Thus even if the propagator, Khomeini, had died, the practice continued. Another effect that the rules had, specifically on Nafisi, was her having to quit the university and teaching a class and discussing books in secret. For Nafisi, the university was no longer a place where students can have honest discussion asking how could one teach when the main concern of university officials was not the quality of ones work but the color of ones lips, the subversive potential of a single strand of hair? (11) This activity leads to Nafisi bonding with her students since most of them feel that they have been made irrelevant by the new regime. The rule requiring women to wear veils becomes more oppressive when Nafisi reveals that when the students that decided to be with her came to the room, their removing the veils and scarves was an act that was not as simple as one imagines. According to Nafisi, â€Å"each one gained an outline and a shape, becoming her own inimitable self. † (5) Because of their continuous gathering, they begin to have hope. The students draw on the parallelism on what they are currently experiencing with what they are reading. Nafisi explicitly states in the book that â€Å"[h]ope for some means its loss for others; when the hopeless regain some hope, those in power the ones who had taken it away become afraid, more protective of their endangered interests, more repressive. † (276) What this tells us is that instead of just living their lives simply, getting jobs and having a family, Nafisi, her students, and maybe some other Iranians, now found a different purpose in life. They know that they have to be strong if they want their society to change. That even if hope is all that they have left, it is better than nothing. On reading the book, Heywoods point that morality is actually concerned with not only the ethical questions but also how right and wrong are different is made clearer. The question that arises is how can an individual survive if that person has a different perception on himself or herself which is different from what society says? The answer is not simply to become political and institute change. Although it can be considered that the personal is political, at the core of the fight for political rights is the desire to protect ourselves, to prevent the political from intruding on our individual lives. (273) Imagination or fantasy is the one that bridges the political and the personal. The regimes first task had been to blur the lines and boundaries between the personal and the political, thereby destroying them both. (273) In summary, we need to keep in mind what a society is. A group of individuals with something in common and that includes moral principles. When a society has different principles on morality, like what happened in Iran, nothing good can come out of it. This is most true when a society that has experienced freedom before is suddenly restricted. Some groups will feel oppressed and will fight it. Those in power meanwhile, will do what they to prevent that from happening. The one good thing about Nafisis novel is that it does not in provide any political analysis on the situation in Iran. Rather it is about what people can do despite the tyranny around them. That students can learn when they apply and feel what they have read. Morality will always be a very tricky issue. The debate on the concept of right and wrong will not end overnight. If there is one thing that Nafisis novel teaches us, it is that setting a standard for morality is not an answer.

Student Presentation on Rotavirus Essay -- Essays Papers

Student Presentation on Rotavirus Encounter Rotavirus is a wheel-shaped double stranded RNA virus. It is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children between the ages of 6 months and 2 years. It is believed that by the age of 4 most children in the United States have experience this infection and have developed immunity to severe disease caused by rotavirus. Individuals that are known to be at increased risk with complication of dehydration due to this viral disease include malnourished children as well as malnourished adults especially in the developing countries and the elderly that have a weakened immune system as they age. According to the Lancet, rotavirus is still believed to be the most recognized cause of diarrhea in children everywhere, however the infection is much more deadly in the developing world. "In the USA, for example, rotavirus infections are responsible for 50,000 admissions a year but only 20 deaths. In the developing world, on the other hand, rotavirus is responsible for 20% of deaths from diarrhe a in children. Worldwide it is estimated that virus kills about 500,000 children under the age of 5-years-old each year"(McCarthy 2003). As far as the U.S. is concerned, the rotavirus disease spread seems to have a seasonal distribution. (Seasonal Pattern). It has been accounted in many studiesthat rotavirus diarrhea shows a significant winter seasonality. This very unique wave of spread seems to move successively from west to east in the U.S., starting from Mexico and Southwestern states in the months of October and November and reaching the East coast in March and April. It has been suggested that weather conditions such as low temperature and humidity along with facilitated viral survival on fomi... ...d Health Policy)." The Lancet. 2003: 361; 582. Meissner, Cody. "Rotavirus and Other Viral Agents of Gastroenteritis." Mechanisms of Microbial Disease. 1999: 3; 345(9). "Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal: Rotavirus infections." Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2002: 87; 564(1). Internet "Rotavirus." Center of Disease Control and Prevention. 2003. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/gastro/rotavirus.htm "Rotavirus." Center of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Jan, 2003. http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap33.html "EMT of Rotavirus." Kisielius, Jonas Jose et al. ASM MicrobeLibrary. http://www.microbelibrary.org/FactSheet.asp?SubmissionID=590&LS "Image of Double Capsid." 1995. http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/mmi/stannard/rotaboth.gif "EMTs of Negatively Stained Rotavirus as Seen in a Stool Sample. http://www.wadsworth.org/databank/rotavirs.htm

Comparing The Chorus of Sophocles Antigone and Americas News Channels :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Comparing The Chorus of Sophocles' Antigone and America's News Channels The Greek Chorus is very similar to America's news channels because it brings the people the news in a way that they can understand it. The play Antigone by Sophocles is a tragic drama structured around the argument between a king and two sisters about the burial of their brother. Antigone can be compared to the conflict surrounding granting illegal immigrants amnesty. The Chorus is a group of people who provide background information, interpret the information, and relate it to human nature. The Chorus in Antigone tells the pros and cons of both sides of the story and adds important information needed to fully understand the conflict. The Greek Chorus serves the same functions as American news channels in the twenty-first century. Both a news channel and a Chorus provide background information during the telling of a story. After Antigone and Ismene converse about the burial of their brother, the chorus steps in setting the mood and providing background information. "Now the long blade of the sun, lying level east to west, touches with glory Thebes of Seven Gates. Open, Unlidded" (Sophocles 314). This shows that at that point in the play, it is morning and the sun has risen. It sets the tone and describes the setting for the next scene. On a news channel, background information is also provided. "Over eleven million illegal immigrants are already living in America" (Buchanan). This tells the viewer how serious the topic is by using such large numbers and giving facts. This statement will also-strike a nerve with many people because it is saying that 11 million people have committed the same crime their country. As you can see, there is a great similarity between the Greek and American way of providing b ackground information. American news channels and Greek Choruses both interpret information for viewers, so they can better understand different points of view. It is believed by the Greeks that Creon has a divine right to do whatever he wants. "If that is your will, Creon son of Menoikeus, You have the right to enforce it: we are yours" (Sophocles 316). Creon can do what he wants because the people will have to support his ideas because he is the great and powerful king with a divine right to rule.

Health Law and Regulations Paper

Organizational Responsibility and Current Health Care Issues HCS/545 August 27, 2012 Charles Barron Organizational Responsibility and Current Health Care Issues Health care fraud and abuse is a current issue affecting everyone in the United States costing billions of dollars annually. This fraudulent crime is committed when dishonest consumers and providers submit false or misleading information to turn profit. It affects the United States by hampering the ability to provide affordable access health care and good quality of care to Americans.The Affordable Care Act prevention resources and tools are working to stop fraud before it occurs. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a health news situation affecting the health care system and evaluate the effect of organizational structure and governance, culture, and social responsibility. Recommended resources to preventing this situation in the future and recommended changes in future prevention will be discussed. Health News Situation A 38 year old Miami Florida resident, Sandra Jimenez, admitted to participating in a Medicare fraud scheme affecting assisted living facilities, half way houses, and home health agencies. The fraud schemes were orchestrated by the owners and operators of American Therapeutic Corporation (ATC); its management company, Medlink Professional Management Group Inc. ; and the American Sleep Institute (ASI)† (Department of Justice, 2012, para. 2). In January 2012, Jimenez pleads guilty to counts of committing conspiracy of health care fraud and frauding the United States in receiving illegal health care kickbacks. The various owners, doctors, managers, and therapists of ATC and Medlink were charged with health care kickbacks, money laundering, and fraud of millions of Medicare dollars. The Medicare fraud scheme resulted in the submission of more than $200 million in fraudulent claims to Medicare† (Department of Justice, 2012, para. 1). An example of the fraud committed by Jimen ez and co-conspirators is submitting medically unnecessary services that were billed through Medicare and then laundered. Jimenez as a marketer solicited the beneficiaries and then paid the illegal kickbacks to assisted living facility owners in exchange for the beneficiaries. If convicted Jimenez and co-conspirators are facing maximum penalty prison time and fines.Corporate Structure and Governance, Culture, and Focus on Social Responsibility Social responsibility in the United States is to ensure organizations adhere to state, federal, and local laws, it ensures consumers and providers are held accountable. A sound corporate structure and governance ensures there is a standard of excellence, integrity, and accountability in all aspects of the organization. References Department of Justice. (2012). Miami-area resident pleads guilty to participating in $200 million medicare fraud scheme. Office of Public Affairs. Retrieved from http://www. justice. gov/opa/pr/2012/January/12-crm-063 . html

Explain how group work contributed to the final performance Essays

Explain how group work contributed to the final performance Essays Explain how group work contributed to the final performance Essay Explain how group work contributed to the final performance Essay When we first began working as a collective none of us were very sure about how to proceed; we knew that for this to work, everyone would need to take their role within the group, but the problem was in finding what those roles should be. As we were in a very small group, everyones full input was needed throughout the process as we realised early on that if this did not happen then there would be a large proportion of the group not taking part. In larger groups, having someone not taking part would not necessarily be that important, however, with ours, we would be at a serious disadvantage. Luckily every one of group was very committed to producing the best piece that we could, and this involved not letting each other down. This work ethic allowed us to have many in-depth discussions into the possible interpretations and meanings of our work, and so we developed a very complex understanding of what we were actually trying to communicate, and, to us, gave the work much greater meaning. In the beginning stages, we all took on very similar working roles. This was not very productive as often the same task was performed three times over. For example, all doing research on the same subject meant that a lot of information was being regurgitated, and so time was being wasted on unnecessary work. Although it seems like an obvious course of action, we began giving people dedicated tasks at the end of each rehearsal. This allowed us to know exactly what other members of the group would be bringing to the next meet, and so we were able to structure our own work around this knowledge. One of the most difficult parts of coming to the devising process was learning how to constructively working in a group over a long period of time. While we were used to being part of a cast, we had always had the influence of a director to keep things fresh and to solve conflicts. This time we would have to figure it all out for ourselves.  Before we tried to begin doing any work we first sat down and discussed and agreed upon a number of ground rules that we would be working to during our devising. These rules were not there to keep members of the group constrained, but were there so that we knew what was expected of us during this process. Much of what was decided came from common sense, but it was very useful to have everyones contribution as this created an open atmosphere where we could voice hopes and concerns about working in the group. These rules were written down, but they were never referred to afterwards as we all respected them throughout the process. In this early stage we had not had the chance to develop the group skills that would be so important to the completion of the project. In order to gain these skills we began working on simple tasks such as constructing short scenes and improvising around the stimulus material. These exercises did not contribute to the final performance, however, the processes of constructing them allowed us to work in the same group situations that we would be working in throughout the devising process, and gave us an idea of the kinds of concessions and cooperation needed for the success of group work. This way of working, was very intense, and although it did produce results, the group was not its without conflicts. Because of the open nature of the group we never had disagreements over the actual work; if there was a problem with what was being produced, we sat down and tried to work out alternatives, and it was this way of working that probably stopped a number of arguments. However, this was a very stressful atmosphere, especially as we came closer to the night of performance. On one occasion we found ourselves arguing over petty problems, and this began interfering with the work. At the time we decided to abandon the rehearsal and spend the evening relaxing, not thinking about the play! Thankfully this was the only occasion that we actually argued over the work and so the only time that our work was interrupted in this way. Although I have said that the amount of time spent together was the cause of disputes, this also created a very tight bond between the members of the group, and it was this bond that was crucial to the success of the final performance. This closeness that we had developed worked to our advantage on a number of levels. When developing ideas we were able to understand the thought track of other members very quickly, and so very little explaining was needed when presenting new concepts. But also, when we came to the final performance, we knew that we were able to rely on the abilities of other group members. In the performance, not only did we know what we were meant to be doing, we also knew exactly what other members of the cast were supposed to be doing. This allowed us to precisely plan our reactions and meant that (epically with the more physical elements) we were able to rely on other cast members to doing exactly what they supposed to be doing. This level of trust that had been developing for a number of weeks meant that we did not have to worry about the performance of other members of the group. Without the development of group work in the early stages we would not have been able to work effectively within the group, and possibly the very simple devising tasks would not have been achieved.

The Wind essays

The Wind essays Wind can tell us many things about weather conditions. A person knowledgeable about local weather can take the temperature and dew point, wind data and altimeter setting and make a pretty good estimate of what the present weather is. He can throw away all but the wind and still give you an approximate weather outlook. There is a simple key to understanding wind: Variations in pressure from place to place create wind, because air tends to flow from high pressure to low, as water flows from high ground to low. This phenomenon has led to the creation of a model to explain worldwide air circulation. Because cooler air is denser than warmer air, its pressure is higher. As air at the equator warms and rises, the pressure in the area lowers. Heavier, cooler air tends to flow toward the low, and as it does, it causes the warmer air to flow upward and poleward, where it cools and develops higher pressure. This air, in turn, will then tend to flow back toward the equator. The same principle of circulationfrom areas of high pressure to areas of lowalso governs the circulation around the high- and low-pressure areas that move across our country. Isobars are lines drawn on a map to link points of equal atmospheric pressure. The textbook rule says that wind flows parallel to the isobars, but this appears to conflict with the basic principle of flow. If air flows from high pressure to low, shouldn't its movement be perpendicular to the isobars? The answer is that the rotation of the earth deflects the wind flow about 90 degrees, causing the air to circulate around the pressure systems instead of directly from one system to another. In the Northern Hemisphere, the flow is clockwise around high-pressure areas and counterclockwise around lows. This fact gives us a start on wind-based weather information. If you stand with your back to the wind, low pressure will be to your left. If there's a strong crosswind component aloft, worse weather...

Ryan Buckley Essays - Neuroscience, Sleep, Biology, Insomnia

Ryan Buckley Essays - Neuroscience, Sleep, Biology, Insomnia Ryan Buckley Eng. 105 9:40-11:10 11/28/17 Sleep Deprivation of the 21 st Century In a rapidly evolving American society, people are sleeping less and less. Yet, due in part to the economic strength of the pharmaceutical industry, they are often not receiving proper treatment. And the larger cultural forces at work, crucial for understanding 21st century sleep, are rarely considered to be a causal factor. Sleep is very complex. In fact, scientist do not even understand why our bodies really need sleep. What is known is that there are many different individual and social factors that are related to the amount people sleep, including age, homeostatic traits, anxiety and depression, medical conditions, alcohol and drugs, and . While sleep deprivation and insomnia are both related to insufficient sleep, they are two qu ite different things. Increased sleep deprivation, or sleep deficit, has sometimes been described as a symptom of the recent decrease in leisure time in American society. Working hours have increased during the second-half of the 20th century, along with sharp growth in American productivity and growth. A doubling of productivity could have translated into both higher incomes and decreased working hours, yet today employees rarely have a choice between getting paid in time or money. Instead, Americans, rel ative to the past, work more, earn more, and spend more. This focus on work and consumption over leisure time has brought an increased "time squeeze." While this is especially true for the average American woman, the time squeeze cuts across gender , social class, and marital status. Moreover, the recent growth of digital media and smartphones has dramatically raised productivity expectations and blurred the line between work and personal lif e. This decrease in free time and increased pace of life and stress has brought with it reduced sleep, with real consequences for physical and mental health, performance at work, and quality of life. For example, in the 1960s, the average amount of time A mericans spent sleeping was between 7 and 8.5 hours a night, while today 50% of the population averages under 7 hours, and, according to a 2008 survey, 1 out of 3 Americans say they get a good night's sleep only a few nights a month or less. Research sho ws that negative consequences of sleep deprivation include increased risk of physical problems such as diabetes, infection, and cardiovascular disease; excessive daytime sleepiness; microsleep episodes during waking hours; lapses in concentration, attentio n, memory, and judgment; reduced creativity and mental flexibility; increased irritability; and decreased motivation, interest, and initiative. Additionally, automobile driving skills suffer and several major accidents have been linked to sleep deprivation , underlining the seriousness of the issue as a public safety hazard. Insomnia, as opposed to sleep deprivation, is defined by the World Health Organization as a problem in falling and/or maintaining sleep. Severity is usually determined by the amount of time it takes to fall asleep and the duration of awakenings, as well as frequency and duration of sleep difficulties. Most people, at some point or another, experience acute insomnia in life; this is normal and must be distinguished from persistent insomn ia that lasts more than a month. Hyperarousal and hypervigilance around sleep are key factors in persistent insomnia. Several psychological and quality of life symptoms appear to be caused by insomnia. These include daytime fatigue and emotional dis turbances such as irritability, anxiety, depressed mood, and helplessness. Longitudinal studies suggest that persistent insomnia may be a risk factor for developing clinical depression. Somatic complaints such as gastrointestinal and respiratory problems, headaches, and non-specific aches and pains are also linked with insomnia. Interestingly, cognitive impairments resulting from insomnia, such as those in attention, concentration, and memory, appear to be more limited than those resulting from sleep depri vation.

The spread of pathogens Week 7 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The spread of pathogens Week 7 - Coursework Example Some diseases such as HIV/AIDS and genital herpes are sexually transmitted diseases and their pathogens spread when the body service of infected persons touches that of a healthy person. Avoiding contacting body fluids from infected people can abate the spread through body contact. In addition, safe sexual intercourse should be encouraged to stop the spread of HIV/AIDs. Eating undercooked or raw food, or drinking water contaminated by sewage means you take huge numbers of pathogens straight to your stomach. In most cases, contaminated water contains cholera pathogens while contaminated food contains Salmonella. Living in hygienic conditions is a significant step towards preventing contamination of food and water. Additionally, foods should be properly cooked. Vectors are animals or insects that spread disease- causing pathogens from an infected host to a healthy one. In this case, the vector is not infected with the disease. Pathogens such as plasmodium (malaria) and dysentery are transmitted by mosquito and housefly respectively. Spread of pathogens through vectors can be reduced by preventing multiplication of vectors or completely eliminating them. Mosquito can be prevented by sleeping under treated mosquito

Phase 3 Individual Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Phase 3 Individual Project - Essay Example In 1905, Alfred Binet developed the first psychological test to predict the performance of a school, while in 1913; John Watson came up with the behaviorist approach in studying psychology. Watson was of the opinion that behavior of consumers affects their purchasing mentality. It is during this period that Sigmund Freud led a movement termed as psychoanalytic movement. He explains that an individual’s personality consists of three elements namely, the ego, the ID and the superego, and before the Second World War, B.F. Skinner developed a program for behavioral control, targeting societies. The programs are widely used as teaching materials and methods of modifying an individual’s behavior. During the World War 2, Robert Woodworth developed a personal data sheet for the purposes of testing the American recruit’s neurotic history, and it is a prototype of the personality profiling in use (Innes, 2003). In 1950, Raymond Cartell came up with variables that determine the behavior of an individual. He identified traits as the central variables, and categorized them into dynamic, temperament and ability traits (Turvey, 2002). Dynamic traits are the motivating factors that puta person into action for purposes of achieving a particular goal, while the ability traits are the effectiveness of an individual to achieve a particular goal. In 1960s, Robert Guion advanced this field through his book personnel testing, while in 1970s, personality testing was acceptable as an important practice. In 1978, David Pearson developed software with a capability to perform an evaluation of an individual’s behavior without the administration of a professional (Alison, 2005).Since then, psychological profiling is in use by various organizations, including law enforcement agencies. There is empirical evidence proving the effectiveness of profiling. Turvey (2002) observes that the works of David Canter, a psychologist in unmasking the railway rapist in 1985proves the

Week One Individual Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week One Individual Assignment - Essay Example the threats, the weaknesses the opportunities and the strengths. In diagnosing opportunities and threats, the manager should reflect on Michael Porter’s model for competitive forces in order to diagnose the competitive forces in the particular industry. These forces are very important since they can affect the business profit potential, growth rate or even survival. The business plan should assess these forces. These are the following: competitors, new entrants, customers, suppliers and substitute goods or services. Since the baby clothing store is a start-up business, the new entrants force is not of particular importance for this stage. From the competitors’ side the business owner should check the rivalry among competitors and more specifically should examine the number of firms there are in the particular industry, the rate of the industry growth and the level of fixed costs. The baby clothing store may face the danger of the customers’ bargaining power since the goods it provides are standard and undifferentiated i.e. the customers can find the same or similar ones to other shops and therefore they may force down the prices or buy more goods or services for the same price. A possible solution here would be to offer excellent customer service but this is going to be developed in strategies. The next step in planning is setting goals. The goals should be realistic, challenging but achievable and they can act as a benchmark so the manager can see if s/he meets his/her targets. The goal should be both strategic and financial. Then, the manager should develop and implement strategies. The strategies should be based on extensive market analysis, examination of opportunities and threats and contingency plans if things do not go as expected. From the three strategies i.e. market penetration, market development and product development strategy, it seems that the

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 38

History - Essay Example Although the presence of the British in Indian subcontinent was not as significant as in other possessions of the Crown, the British succeeded to rule two-thirds of India directly while the rest of British India comprised the semi-autonomous Princely States. Furthermore the Mistress of the Seas utilized successfully â€Å"Divide and Rule† principle in India as a means of precluding the natives form uprising against the puppet Raj rule. British policies in India resulted in numerous crop-failures and famines killing over 10 million of people In this atmosphere of Muslim-Hindu hostility first step towards independence of India and western-fashioned democracy was taken with the designation of councilors of Indian descend to assist the viceroy, and with the creation of made up of Indians provincial councils. From 1920 such leaders as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi initiated extremely popular mass movement to strive against the Raj regime, using predominantly non-violent, peaceful methods. There were however several leaders which adopted belligerent approach. The strong impact Mohandas Gandhi had on India as well his ability to obtain independence through entirely peaceful, non-violent movement made him followed by example. He suggested Indians to wear minimum of home-made clothes to undermine the British textile manufacture. He also orchestrated the idea of the march to the sea, where the protesters were making the salt of their own protesting against the British monopoly. Indians awarded their spiritual leader with the name Mahatma that stands for Great Soul Although there were other movements striving for Indian independence from the Crown it was Gandhian non-violent movement that played the crucial role in achieving Indian freedom in 1947. Having at last obtained independence Indians were saved form fratricidal war. (Heehs 1998) Unlike India Russia has not succeeded to change her political order without violence. However Russians overthrew despotic stardom that

The Dixie Group - a case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Dixie Group - a case study - Essay Example The Familytique, the Peppercorn Cottage and the Michaelmas house too need to integrate their sales activity as they come under the shops category. The market square which is a public place for the traders which happens every Wednesday, they book their stall in advance. The payments collected from them should be properly listed and receipts are given in return. These should be integrated using program based information system. The management information system provides information to support management decision making. Pre-specific and pre-planned reporting to managers is accomplished by information reporting systems. Support for managers is accomplished by decision support systems. Information for top management is provided by executive information system. The information system provides information on the operations of the system to management for the direction and maintenance of the system (control). It is important to understand information system in the context of their use in information processing, which is also called data processing. â€Å"an information system uses the resources of hardware (machines and media), software (programs and procedures), and people (specialities and end users) to perform input, processing, output, storage and control activities that convert data resources into information products.† (James A. O’Brien). Thus the information system performs operational, managerial, and strategic support role in the business. These need to be a good information system to integrate the business activity to achieve the goals. The operations information system uses the data generated by and used in business operations. That is, it record and process data update it and produce it into reports. Physical processes are controlled by process control system and office activities are supported by the office automation system. This would help the organisation to achieve an organised

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 38

History - Essay Example Although the presence of the British in Indian subcontinent was not as significant as in other possessions of the Crown, the British succeeded to rule two-thirds of India directly while the rest of British India comprised the semi-autonomous Princely States. Furthermore the Mistress of the Seas utilized successfully â€Å"Divide and Rule† principle in India as a means of precluding the natives form uprising against the puppet Raj rule. British policies in India resulted in numerous crop-failures and famines killing over 10 million of people In this atmosphere of Muslim-Hindu hostility first step towards independence of India and western-fashioned democracy was taken with the designation of councilors of Indian descend to assist the viceroy, and with the creation of made up of Indians provincial councils. From 1920 such leaders as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi initiated extremely popular mass movement to strive against the Raj regime, using predominantly non-violent, peaceful methods. There were however several leaders which adopted belligerent approach. The strong impact Mohandas Gandhi had on India as well his ability to obtain independence through entirely peaceful, non-violent movement made him followed by example. He suggested Indians to wear minimum of home-made clothes to undermine the British textile manufacture. He also orchestrated the idea of the march to the sea, where the protesters were making the salt of their own protesting against the British monopoly. Indians awarded their spiritual leader with the name Mahatma that stands for Great Soul Although there were other movements striving for Indian independence from the Crown it was Gandhian non-violent movement that played the crucial role in achieving Indian freedom in 1947. Having at last obtained independence Indians were saved form fratricidal war. (Heehs 1998) Unlike India Russia has not succeeded to change her political order without violence. However Russians overthrew despotic stardom that

Analysis of Post-Feminism Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Post-Feminism - Term Paper Example While society of course has now become much more complex, at least until recently, this role differentiation has not significantly changed. That is, men leave home to be breadwinners, with their wives saddled with the domestic responsibility. While the feminist revolution has freed some women from being captive to their homes, it has also placed additional burdens on them if they work outside, unless husbands contribute to the domestic chores. Therefore there must not only be less role differentiation by gender in the workplace to give women greater career opportunities but also in domestic life, Douglas and Michaels’ Critiques of Dowd’s Perspective If Douglas and Michaels were critiquing Dowd’s perspective, I expect that they would complain that she focuses only on courtship issues involving single men and women. I think they would argue that this is much less stressful than having to live up to media hyped demands of perfect motherhood, possibly while at the sa me time pursuing an outside career. While career women may have difficulty finding compatible mates because men, used to being in control, are not comfortable with aggressive career women whose achievements rival or exceed their own, they at least have options. They can â€Å"dumb down† by hiding their success, pay attention to their appearance in an effort to compete with younger women, or give up entirely on looking for a marriage partner.(Dowd 2005) By contrast, women responsible for their children, especially if the father is absent or not contributing to domestic duties, may feel trapped particularly if they do not have marketable occupational skills. Dowd’s approach is post feminist because it is based on the assumption that women have attained some degree of equality of opportunity in the workplace with men and also the social right to initiate and pursue relationships. Given the sense of entrapment many women feel in having to pursue unrealistic standards of mo therhood, I suspect Douglas and Michael would dispute that we live in a post feminist age.(Douglas and Michael p. 5) Douglas and Michael’s versus Dowd’s Understanding of Feminism Dowd describes feminism in terms of women’s legal and social rights that is to have equal access with men to educational and career opportunities, to initiate and pursue relationships, and to dress and make lifestyle choices as they please (Dowd 2005). However, she decries early feminists who felt they had to mimic men’s attire and habits rather than wear sexy clothing and pursue girlish interests(Dowd 2005) Essentially she feels that feminism means women’s right to pursue their own lifestyle and career choices on an equal footing with men and without legal and social impediments. Douglas and Michael argue that we still live in a paternalistic society, and while women may have attained some legal rights, there are still social impediments and pressures hindering their effo rts to gain actual equality, and therefore they have yet to achieve the feminist goals of meaningful equality. For example, mothers are bombarded with media messages from celebrity moms instructing them how to be a better mom (Douglas and Michae

Steps in a jury trial Essay Example for Free

Steps in a jury trial Essay A jury trial is a manifestation of democracy, wherein ordinary citizens have their cases heard and deliberated by people like themselves. A jury trial, based on the idea of an impartial jury, can serve justice, because they are mandated to deliberate on the facts of the case alone. This paper analyzes the steps in a jury trial, including the constitutional trial rights that are enacted during a jury trial. The jury trial rights are expressed in the U.S. Constitution in three ways: the grand jury, the criminal jury, and the civil jury. The Fifth Amendment provides the right to a grand jury: â€Å"No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Sixth Amendment states the importance of an â€Å"impartial† and fair jury to criminal proceedings: â€Å"In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Seventh Amendment asserts the right of the people to a civil jury: â€Å"In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This paper proceeds to the steps in a jury trial. The first step is the selection of a jury. The trial court judge mails a request to a panel of prospective jurors to attend the jury assembly room for the purposes of the jury selection process (Judicial Council of California [JCC], 2010). After the arrival of the jurors, the judge and lawyers ask the jurors questions for the purpose of assessing, whether the jurors are free of bias, or prejudice, or anything that might obstruct with their ability to be fair and impartial, in a process called voir dire. It is important to find a fair and impartial jury, which the Sixth Amendment asserts. The Fifth Amendment also stresses that the accused in a criminal case has a right to a trial by a fair and impartial jury.In essence, the right to jury trial guarantees to the criminally accused a fair trial by a panel of impartial, indifferent jurors.[1] The law permits the judge and the lawyers to â€Å"excuse† some jurors from service for diverse reasons (JCC, 2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  If a lawyer seeks to have a juror excused, he or she must use a challenge to excuse the juror (JCC, 2010).   Ã‚  There are two kinds of challenges: for cause or peremptory. Under a for cause challenge, the law provides several reasons that jurors may be excused â€Å"for cause† (JCC, 2010). For example, a juror who is related to one of the parties in the case may be excused for cause. There is no limit to the number of for cause challenges. As for a peremptory challenge, this is a challenge given without the need to provide a reason. The law provides only 10 peremptory challenges in criminal cases and 6 in civil cases (Code of Civil Procedure sec. 231 as cited in JCC, 2010). The procedure of questioning and excusing jurors will continue, until 12 persons are chosen as the jurors for the trial (JCC, 2010). The second step is the trial itself. There are three main duties of the juror: 1) Jurors should not speak to others about the case, especially the lawyers and parties from either side, and even with their family and friends. It is important to avoid being influenced by other people who have not heard the whole facts of the case; 2) Jurors should not make a conclusion about the case without hearing all the facts.   Jurors should only discuss their opinions with fellow jurors and it is their duty to deliberate the facts of the case; 3) Jurors should not conduct a personal investigation of the case (JCC, 2010). If they have questions about the evidence, they should ask the bailiff about it, and he/she will make further decisions (JCC, 2010). During the trial, the jurors will listen to the opening statements of the lawyers (JCC, 2010).   Ã‚  The lawyer for the plaintiff in a civil case or the prosecutor in a criminal case may make an opening statement which expresses their viewpoints about the evidence (JCC, 2010).   Ã‚  The defendants lawyer may also provide an opening statement after the plaintiffs attorney (JCC, 2010).   Afterwards, the lawyers will present the evidence, in forms of written documents or objects, which will all be called as Exhibits (JCC, 2010).   After the presentation of the evidence, the lawyers will present their closing arguments (JCC, 2010). A critical part of the jury trial is the deliberation. After a trial, the jury proceeds to an assigned private room to discuss evidence and testimony, so that it can reach a verdict. Jurors also have a duty to select a foreperson. The jury should select a competent foreperson. The forepersons responsibility is to see that discussion is facilitated in an organized manner, all issues are completely and freely deliberated, and all jurors are allowed to freely participate in the discussions (JCC, 2010). The final stage in a jury trial is the verdict. All jurors should discuss and vote on each issue of the case. In a civil case, the judge will inform the jurors how many of them must agree in order to reach a verdict. In a criminal case, the unanimous agreement of all 12 jurors is compulsory (JCC, 2010).[2] People have a right to a jury trial, wherein the jury is impartial and fair. The Constitution provides for this right, as well as the rights of the jurors to have an open and complete deliberation on the facts of the case. The jurors, thus, must be aware of their rights and duties. Being a juror means that they are expected to be people of integrity and to seriously pursue their duties. For in every verdict they provide, lay the fate of fair and truthful convictions. References Dennis v. United States, 339 U.S. 162, 171-172, 94 L.Ed. 734, 742, 70 S. Ct. 519 (1950). Fifth Amendment.(no date). U.S. Constitution. Retrieved May 31, 2010 from   http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/pdf2002/023.pdf Irvin v. Dowd, 366 U.S. 717, 722, 6 L.Ed. 2d 751, 755, 81 S. Ct. 1639 (1961). Judicial Council of California (JCC). (2010). Trial process: Three main steps of a jury trial. Retrieved May 31, 2010 from http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/jury/process.htm Seventh Amendment. (no date). U.S. Constitution. Retrieved May 31, 2010 from http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/amendment07/ Sixth Amendment. (no date). U.S. Constitution. Retrieved May 31, 2010 from http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/amendment06/ United States District Court . (no date). The Eastern District of North Carolina, New Bern Division. [1] See Irvin v. Dowd, 366 U.S. 717, 722, 6 L.Ed. 2d 751, 755, 81 S. Ct. 1639 (1961). [2] What happens when there is no verdict? â€Å"If a jury cannot arrive at a verdict within a reasonable time and indicates to the judge that there is no possibility that they can reach a verdict, the judge, in his or her discretion, may dismiss the jury. This situation is a mistrial, sometimes referred to as a hung jury, and may mean the case goes to trial again with a new jury† (JCC, 2010).

Methods for Detecting Exoplanets

Methods for Detecting Exoplanets A discussion and comparison of the radial velocity method and the transit photometry method of detecting exoplanets. An exoplanet is a planet that is outside of our solar system orbiting another star, and so far (at 15/01/2017) 3560 exoplanets have been detected [1]. Currently, with modern technology, the two main ways of detecting an exoplanet is using either the radial velocity method or the transit photometry method, both of which having their advantages and disadvantages. Radial velocity works by the exoplanet having a gravitational effect on the star it is orbiting causing the star to move slightly, leading to its detected light spectra being periodically shifted between red-shift and blue-shift as the planet orbits it. The minimum mass can then be calculated from the stars light spectra. Transit photometry can be used to detect exoplanets by observing a periodic reduction in the intensity of light detected from a star caused by the planet going directly in front of it between the star and the earth. The size of the planet can be worked out by measuring the decrease in light and sometimes the composition of the planet can be deduced The radial velocity method, also known as the Doppler spectroscopy method, to detect exoplanets was the first proper method that worked effectively. Orbiting planets cause a star to move slightly due to their gravitational pull, since the planet has mass. This slight movement of the star being orbited affects the light spectrum from that star which is received by observers on Earth. Regular periodic shifts in the stars expected spectrum, which would appear as a wobble, indicates the presence of an orbiting planet [2]. If the exoplanet caused the star to move towards Earth then its light spectrum would be blue shifted, if the star moved away from Earth the spectrum would be red shifted. The mass of the orbiting planet can then be determined, as Kelpers third law of planetary motion can be used to determine the orbital radius of the planet from the mass of the star, calculated using a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, and the orbital period of the planet determined from the stars light spectrum. Then Newtons law of gravitation and the orbital law can be used to derive the equation to calculate the velocity of the orbiting planet. With the velocity of the planet, the equation can be used to work out the mass of the detected planet [3]. Using radial velocity is the most common method used to date to detect exoplanets, it has the advantage of not necessarily a very long time comparative to the other methods and is thus useful in large scale surveys to find multiple exoplanets. Unfortunately, it does not give much specific information about the planet itself and hence must be combined with other techniques to obtain information like the planets chemical composition, density, and volume. Other methods could thus have more potential for the future for more in depth analysis of the detected planet [4]. One major complication with radial velocity is that it is difficult tell mass of a detected planet easily, only the minimum mass based on how much star appears to move can be calculated, as it depends on the angle of the orbital plane of the planet. If the angle, ÃŽÂ ¸, is the angle made by the plane perpendicular to the orbit of the planet from the plane of the sight from Earth, then the component in line with Earth is sin(ÃŽÂ ¸). The detected mass, M, is thus the product of the actual mass of the planet and sin(ÃŽÂ ¸).ÂÂ   The larger ÃŽÂ ¸, where 0 [5]. This gives arise to the problem that on a rare occasion a low mass star can be detected in a binary star system and mistaken for a planet due to a mass being calculated much smaller than its actual mass and thus appears more similar to that of a planet because of the plane of its orbit with respect to earth. This method mainly detects planets that are very close to the star, massive, and have very short orbital periods so cause the largest wobbles that dont take very long to detect. Planets like this are often referred to as hot Jupiters, due to them being of similar size, mass, and composition to that of the planet Jupiter in our solar system but they are much closer to the star they are orbiting, hence being hotter [6]. A downside of this is that one of the main purposes of detecting exoplanets is to find planets capable of supporting life, and hot Jupiters are very unlikely to do this. Another main method of detecting exoplanets is called transit photometry. A planet may be detected by taking measurements of the dimming of light emitted by the star it orbits. When the planet passes directly in front of the star, as seen from Earth, it blocks out a fraction of the light that we receive. If this dimming occurs at regular intervals, then it may be deduced that this planet is in orbit and passing in front of the star once every orbital period [7]. The amount of dimming that occurs reflects the ratio of size between the star and planet; since the size of such a star may be determined from its spectrum we may then estimate the planets size. For planets orbiting the same sized star with the same luminosity and same light emission spectra, planets orbiting it will decrease the amount of light received on earth by different amounts depending on the size of the planets [8]. A planet with a radius three times larger than another orbiting planet will lead to a drop in the amount of light received nine times that of the other planet. Hence, the decrease in light received from the star due to a planets transit is proportional to the square of the planets radius and so proportional to the planets cross-sectional area. When this method is combined with radial velocity analysis which gives an estimated mass, the density may be calculated, giving a much clearer picture of the composition of the planet. The planets atmospheric conditions may also be uncovered by analysing the depth of the transit at different wavelengths of light. Light emitted by the star will be absorbed by gases in the planets atmosphere to different degrees at different wavelengths [9]. Therefore, by studying its spectra elements in the atmosphere may be determined. For such analysis to be carried out, searches must continuously cover large portions of the sky and its cluttered light sources over long periods of time. Transit photometry only works, however, when a planet passes directly between its star and the Earth, which is uncommon. For a star one astronomical unit (approximately about 150 million kilometres) away from its star, and the star being the same as the sun earth orbits, the probability of an orbiting planet producing a detectible transit is 0.47%, given that the planet has a random orbital alignment [10]. A planets orbital period could be a very long time, months, or years, but its transit directly in front of the star between it and earth could only be a couple of hours.ÂÂ   Despite this, in very large scale exoplanet finding surveys spanning over extended periods of time and covering potentially thousands of stars, the transit photometry method has been found to be more effective than the radial velocity method at finding a larger number of exoplanets [11]. However, transit photometry has a much larger detection rate of false positives, meaning an exoplanet was thought to be detected using this method but after further investigation was found to be a false detection. A 2012 study found that in single planetary systems, the number of false detections was up to 40%, based on the observations from the Kepler mission [12]. This means that, in the case of single planetary systems, a planetary detection using transit photometry must be verified using another method, which is often radial velocity and sometimes the less common method of orbital brightness modulation. Â   Â   References [1] Schneider, J. 2017. Interactive Extra-Solar Planets Catalogue. The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia. [Online]. [Accessed 15/01/2017]. Available from: http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/ [2] Astronomy Notes. 2007. The Velocities of Stars. [Online]. [Accessed 15/01/2017]. Available from: http://www.astronomynotes.com/starprop/s8.htm [3] Fischer, D. 2010. Radial Velocity. Yale University. [Online]. [Accessed 15/01/2017]. Available from: http://exoplanets.astro.yale.edu/workshop/EPRV/Bibliography_files/Radial_Velocity.pdf [4] Zechmeister, M. 2011. Precision radial velocity surveys for exoplanets. 1st ed. [S.l.: s.n.]. [5] The Planetary Society. 2016. Radial Velocity. [Online]. [Accessed 15/01/2017]. Available from: http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/exoplanets/radial-velocity.html [6] Sasselov, D. 2008. Astronomy: Extrasolar planets. Nature. 451(7174). pp.29-31. [7] Shannon, L. and Russell, D. 2012. Exoplanet Transits: Light Curve Photometry. Bangor University. [Online]. [Accessed 15/01/2017]. Available from: http://www.baylor.edu/content/services/document.php/181811.pdf [8] The Planetary Society. 2016. Transit Photometry. [Online]. [Accessed 15/01/2017]. Available from: http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/exoplanets/transit-photometry.html [9] Shore, L. 2014. Searching for Exoplanets. Exploratorium Teacher Institute. [Online]. [Accessed 15/01/2017]. Available from: http://www.exo.net/~pauld/Venus/ExoPlanets%20and%20Transits.pdf [10] Carroll, M. 2017. Earths of Distant Suns. 1st ed. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p.50. [11] Hidas, M. et al. 2005. The University of New South Wales Extrasolar Planet Search: methods and first results from a field centred on NGC 6633. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 360(2). pp.703-717. [12] Santerne, A., DÃ ­az, F., Moutou, C., Bouchy, F., HÃ ©brard, G., Almenara, M., Bonomo, S., Deleuil, M., Santos, C. 2012. SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates. Astronomy Astrophysics. 545. p.A76.

Macbeth, Analysis Of Come You Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Come, you spirits/ That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Act I, scene V, lines 44-45)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Macbeth, William Shakespeare writes this passage in order to shape the character of Lady Macbeth. Using only this line, the reader can almost determine Lady Macbeth’s personality and her motives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Up to the point where this quote leaves off, we have not heard much of Lady Macbeth. When she receives the letter from Macbeth, it seems her fascination is not directed at her husband, but at her husband’s newly attained power. It is evident that the first impression of Lady Macbeth is negative. Without wasting any time, she begins to plan Duncan’s death and assumes responsibility of the situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first line Lady Macbeth says, â€Å"Come, you spirits.† Already we have a dark image of her conjuring up evil spirits. She does not seem a bit intimidated by the spirits she is calling. Her tone of voice suggests she is almost commanding the spirits to help her carry out her plan. William Shakespeare intentionally attached this phrase in the beginning of the sentence, so that the reader sees Lady Macbeth as more of an evil character, which in her own way conjures evil spirits.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first part of the second line Lady Macbeth says, â€Å"That tend on mortal thought.† Literally, it means that she wants the evil spirits that wait on thoughts of murder or death to come to he...

Essays --

Mao Zedong was considered to be the father of communist China. He was born in Shaoshan, China in Hunan province on December 26, 1893 and died in Beijing on September 9, 1976. He was born into a peasant family with 3 siblings, 2 younger brothers and a younger sister. Unlike most peasant families in Nineteenth Century China, his family was more wealthy than most. He went to Shaoshan Primary School. When Mao was 11 he attempted to run away from home to get away from the Confucian upbringing, but his father brought him back and 2 years later he completed his primary education. He worked full time in the fields with his father. To fulfill his restless mind he was always reading. It was at that time that after reading a booklet by Zheng Guanying that he developed a political consciousness. His future political standing was influenced by George Washington and Napoleon Bonaparte and their love for their countries. In 1911 when he was about 18 he moved to Changsha for a secondary education. H e served as a private soldier in the rebel army for the Xinhai Revolution, it was successful in defeating the monarchy in the southern province but the Northern Province still supported the monarchy rule. After the victory he returned to studies but soon moved out of Changsha School because it was set to Confucianism. After that he spent most of his time reading at the public library with a goal to be a teacher. He enrolled himself in a teacher training college. He then started writing articles for the radical newspaper, New Youth. He participated in many school activities and he graduated from that same school in June of 1919. He then moved to Beijing in search for a job not being able to find one on his own his mentor helped him get one as an assista... ...ding it was somewhere between 2 and 7. Some of Mao’s most famous quotes were †¦ â€Å"A revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture, or doing embroidery; it cannot be so refined, so leisurely and gentle, so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and magnanimous. A revolution is an insurrection, an act of violence by which one class overthrows another.† – From Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan â€Å"War is the highest form of struggle for resolving contradictions, when they have developed to a certain stage, between classes, nations, states, or political groups, and it has existed ever since the emergence of private property and of classes.† From Problems of Strategy in China's Revolutionary War â€Å"Every Communist must grasp the truth, "Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.† From Problems of War and Strategy

After-Sale Service of Online Marketing Essay

Recent years have witnessed the increasing demands of consumers, the high product quality cannot be the only element for satisfying consumers but the after-sale service gradually dominants the purchasing psychology. In general, the after-sales service is one of the critical success factors for enhancing the consumer satisfaction, which is acknowledged by Asugman,G.et al.(1997) to some extent. More specifically, the further study from Smith (1998) emphasizes that the purchase intentions of the consumers is strongly influenced by the customer satisfaction about the ancillary services. For the purpose of this essay, after-sale service is defined as a range of services that the enterprise or dealer provide to the consumer after the sales of product, which can include the product introduction, the delivery and installation as well as the maintenance, etc. (Baidu cyclopedia,2012). It is vital to examine this area in order to achieve the consumer satisfaction, what’s more to make a success of on-line marketing. The question that remains to be answered is whether the after-sales service is the major element for the success of on-line marketing, or whether the managers should make the after-sales service become the augmented auxiliary production. . This research paper will take into account both sides of the issue, and critically evaluating the main views and evidence offered. Arguments will firstly be discussed from the Internet market environmental perspective. Subsequently, the evaluation of the overall impact of after-sales service on the network marketing will be demonstrated. Finally, the conclusions along with recommendations made to internet managers will be explored. Nowadays, the marketplace has a dramatic change as Rajan Varadarajan and Manjit S. Yadav(2009) assert that the competitive landscape has changed from the predominantly physical marketplace to one encompassing the physical marketplace and electronic marketplace, namely the Internet market environment. Whereas opponents who consider the after-sales service is the less important factor of the on-line marketing success claim that people prefer to purchasing on-line should attribute to the cheap and high-quality goods in the online-shop. It is contended that the Internet environment can provide an opportunity for the customer to select whatever they want and most consumers prefer to buy products as quickly as possible, which is also the convenience of the on-line market.(Baidu library, no date) Furthermore, the advertisements on the Internet often act as the facilitator who can promote the consumer to boost their purchasing interests, which in turn increase the profit of the company. However, the supporters against that the increasing innovative products in the Internet are not the major part of successful on-line marketing but the after-sales service due to the virtual Internet environment. For instance, R.G. Bundschuh and T.M. Dezvane (2003) investigate that in some online companies, they can obtain higher profit generated by after-sales service than the one from the sales, the service market can be four or five times larger than the market for products. Moreover, the large volume of information in the Internet environment can greatly contribute to the quality of after-sales service. The Taobao online shop in China can be an appropriate example, it has a integral network of after-sales service with appropriate usage of the communicating software named Aliwangwang.(Baidu cyclopedia, no date) Consequently, the after-sales service in the online environment plays an incentive role in making success of on-line market. Another convincing statement insisted by those who disapprove the perspective that after-sales service is the main factor of on-line marketing success is that the impact of after-sales service sometimes put pressure to the sales procedure. Hartline and Ferrell(1996) claim that the after-sales service environment is a context in the interfaces between the internal and external which take place concurrently and shape the stress level that employees experience. Therefore, the effect of after-sales service to some extent will increase the pressure of the employee to devote themselves to their sales work, which in reverse could decrease the sales volume as well as the interests in the company. However, it has to be acknowledged that the after-sales service is conducted to the success of on-line market as a result of the positive impact on the company as well as the consumer. One of the contentions in favor of that assertion is that the customer satisfaction must be the primary goal of the organization for success and growth, then after-sales service is the bridge for the employee to contact with customers for obtaining the feedback and satisfaction (Pertson and Willson,1992) . What’s more, the customer-oriented on-line market has to satisfy their customers’ demands, thus the systematic after-sales management could act as an effective approach. Loveman (1998) maintain that the customer satisfaction has an intimate relation with the loyalty of the consumer and financial stability of the firm. Consequently, the employees will be stimulated by the high-evaluated feedback of customers to make more contribution to the company. That is to say, the high satisfaction can help the organization keep the existed customer and obtain much more new customers, which formulates a customer purchasing recycle. Hence, the impact of after-sales service in the online-market should be considered as the positive factor to the success and growth of the company. The current paper has explored the situation of the after-sales service and analyzed the significance and impact on the on-line marketing. Along with the argument that whether the after-sales service is the main factor for successful on-line marketing has been discussed. Therefore, through the contrast of the merits and negative influence of the after-sales service on the company or customers, we can draw the conclusion that the after-sales service indeed plays an indispensible role in the on-line market since it can enhance the business performance as well as expand the sales scale. Besides, it has to be admitted that the limitation of this paper was that it didn’t specifically demonstrate all factors related to after-sales service in the on-line marketing and the impact of the after-sales service aforementioned is the small part of the issue. Nevertheless, despite these limitations, the findings of this research paper have served to highlight the significance of after-sales service in the on-line market and point out the dual impact on the company or customers. From what discussed in this paper, it would be plausible to recommend the managers of the on-line market pay great attention on the influence and significance of after-sales service and make the most of information on the Internet to establish a integrated system of implementing the after-sales service for gaining returning customers as well as the revenue of company. Reference list Alexander, W. L., Dayal, S., Dempsey, J. J. & Vander-Ark, J. D. (2002). The secret life of factory service centers. Asugman,Gulden. Johnson,Jeanl and McCullough,James(1997)‘The role of After-sales Service in International Marketing’ï ¼Å'Journal of International Marketing vol.5 Issue 4.p11-28,18p.EBSCO host/Business Source Complete. Baidu cyclopedia â€Å"After-sales service† http://baike.baidu.com/view/300225.htm [Accessed 3rd October,2012] Baidu cyclopledia â€Å" Taobao Website ’’. Retrieved from http://baike.baidu.com/view/1590.htm [Accessed 12th october,2012] Baidu Library â€Å"The consumer on-line purchasing psychological analysis† Retrieved from http://wenku.baidu.com/view/e1c8f240336c1eb91a375db8.html [ Accessed 12th October,2012] Hartline, Micheal D. and O.C. Ferrell (1993)ï ¼Å'â€Å"Service Quality Implementation:The Effects of Organizational Socialization and Managerial Actions on Customer-Contact Employee Behaviors,† Report No. 93-122,Academy of Marketing Science.———-and———(1996),‘â€Å"The Management of Customer-Contact Service Employees,† Journal of Marketing, 60(4),52-70. Loveman, W. (1998).â€Å" Employee Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, and Financial Performance an Empirical † â€Å"Examination of the Service Profit Chain in Retail Banking†. Journal of service research, 1(1), 18-31 Pertson, R. & Willson, W. (1992). â€Å" Measuring Customer Satisfaction: Fact and Artifact †. Journal of academy of marketing science, 20(1), 61-71. Rajan Varadarajan&Manjit S. Yadavï ¼Å'(2009) â€Å" Marketing Strategy in an Internet-Enabled Environment: A Retrospective on the First Ten Years of JIM and a Prospective on the Next Ten Years † Journal of Interactive Marketing Volume 23, Issue 1, February 2009, Pages 11–22 Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1094996808000030 [ACCESSED 12th October,2012] R.G. Bundschuh, T.M. Dezvane â€Å" How to make after sale services pay off † The McKinsey Quarterly, 4 (2003), pp. 116–127 Smith, Kirk (1998), â€Å"Service Aspects of Industrial Products Lead to Future Product Purchase Intentions,† Industrial Marketing Management, 27, 83-93.

Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?

Edward Albee's â€Å"Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf† is a play based on illusions. Each character lives their life behind some sort of illusion whether it's based on their past, their marriage or their whole life. Each illusion presents a view into their personal lives and either connects or tears apart relationships in each character's life. George's life is surrounded by illusions. He never was able to succeed in anything he attempts and Martha finds joy in attacking him emotionally for this.He first wrote a novel which Martha's father refused to publish. The storyline is first brought up through him telling Nick a story from his adolescence. It's the story of his friend who kills both of his parents and ends up institutionalized. When it's brought up in Act 1 by Martha, she presents it by saying â€Å"†Well, Georgie boy had lots of big ambitions In spite of something funny in his past†¦ Which Georgie boy here turned into a novel†¦ His first attempt and his last†¦ † (149) This makes the reader question if maybe his friend was actually him.Regardless of who it was about, George is angry that Martha brought up his novel because it shows a weakness about him. The novel was one of his ways of escaping reality and even that was put down. He had hopes of his novel become a success and instead he has to live with Martha who insists on telling everyone that he is a â€Å"great†¦ big†¦ fat†¦ FLOP! † (93) The biggest illusion in George's own life is the mystery behind whether the tragic novel he wrote was an autobiographical story or just a piece of fiction.When Nick and Honey are introduced they seem young, vibrant and happy. Once Honey leaves the scene in Act 2 Nick tells George about an illusion that actually brought Nick to marry Honey. Nick tells George that he married Honey because she was pregnant and George questions him since he said earlier that he had no children. Nick tells him, â€Å"She wasn't real ly. It was a hysterical pregnancy. She blew up, and then she went down. †(104) Honey faked a pregnancy to make Nick marry her so their whole relationship is based on an illusion.He later reveals that Honey's family had a good amount of money and that is good enough reason to stay with her. Throughout the whole play Nick is shushing and talking over Honey. He is embarrassed of her simple-mindedness but deals with her because he is stuck with her.. George and Martha's son was a lie. George pushes her to talk about him and she glorifies him. Once she is done George shoots her down and kills him off using the same storyline as his novel. This shows the fiction and illusion behind their son.She is so heartbroken after there illusion is exposed that she doesn't know how to live without pretending she has a son. The illusion of their son gave them something to relate through. George was sick of pretending and realized that it was time to face the truth and begin actually living life without illusions. QUOTES â€Å"Isn’t tomorrow supposed to be his birthday or something? 76† â€Å"The one thing 241†Ã¢â‚¬ Whose afraid of Virginia Woolf? I am257† Why do people live behind illusions? Does it make life easier or in the end does it make it hurt more? Who is Virginia Woolf?

Marketing & Entrepreneurship Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing & Entrepreneurship - Coursework Example Additionally, all of the staff have insurance covers. The company uses non-toxic and environmental friendly products. These products do comply with the current Health and Safety legislation and COSHH guidelines. This means that the company is a bleach-free, and all of its products are non-toxic and biodegradable. However, the company has not specified the name of the products they use. The company charges according to the workload. They mainly come assess the cleaning work and then charge the client based on their assessment. Spark Cleaning is a cleaning service company that has been in existence for five years. The company mainly focuses of domestic and commercial cleaning. Some of their services and products include; deep cleaning end of tenancy, spring cleaning services, after build cleans, student cleans, weekly, fortnightly, or monthly interior window cleaning (Sparkcleaning.co.uk, 2015). One of the major competitive advantages of the company is that it partners with Leeds’ trusted local specialists. This allows the company to offer additional services for professional oven cleaning and carpet cleaning. Additionally, they have trained staff who have been vetted for both commercial and domestic cleaning. Cleaning Hero is a cleaning service company that mainly focuses on the commercial cleaning industry (Dearlove, 2015). In commercial cleaning, the company deals with office cleaning, carpet cleaning, retail cleaning, leisure cleaning, deep cleaning, window cleaning, and communal cleaning. The company’s competitive advantage of the company is that it offers client tenure of 4 years, they have a public liability insurance, they have affordable rates, and they have advanced online client portal for easy invoicing. Colliers Cleaners is a company located in Bradford. The company focuses on domestic cleaning, regular cleaning and commercial cleaning (Yelp.com, 2015). However, the main

Anaheim CAFR Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Anaheim CAFR - Coursework Example Government activities and business type activities have been reported on different columns so as to bring out the net statement. They include housing authority, Total Governmental funds, and Non-major Governmental Funds. For the major governmental funds, Transient occupancy tax is the ultimate source of funds for the Major governmental organization (Moreno, 2012). In general governmental funds, intergovernmental revenues are the key source of funds. Expenditure In the statement, Expenditure, has also been classified in a system that segments the section into three. They include housing authority, Total Governmental funds, and Non-major Governmental Funds. The largest categories of general funds entail police, fire, and then public work. There is no financial source that has been recorded in a separate section of the Expenditure, and Change in Fund Balance for Governmental fund. Capital project funds have been tasked with the obligation of community development and dept services, and interest charges. Capital project funds are sometimes regarded to as funds budget. They bring a profound understanding of the dept funds and use of money that makes up the state’s legal entity. It is the predominant figure in the annual budget analysis and enactment from the focus of the capital project funds. Leasing of funds or capital is considered to be done under a legal government so as it enhance trust and loss of capital. The dept service function is the ratio of total or average debt to total assets available, expressed in percentage, and it can be interpreted as the company proportion of an asset that are outlined and financed by debt. All dept service fund and non-major financial funds are the service funds. Management entails covering up for the financial risks that might be encountered, and formulating the most effective way of

Some academics and opinion leaders have considered 'gatewatching' and Essay

Some academics and opinion leaders have considered 'gatewatching' and 'produsage' the driving forces of Web 2.0. With re - Essay Example (What Is Web 2.0) Many academicians all over the world have started doing an in depth analysis on the concept of the Web 2.0 and have found that ‘gatewatching’ and ‘produsage’ have become the driving forces of this web generated collection of applications. These terms have been further explained within this paper with respect to other spheres like technological convergence, collective intelligence and democratization and how this has helped to further propagate the practice of making use of the Web 2.0. Gatewatching is basically a term used to refer to the process whereby which people tend to post different interesting stories and pieces of news all over the internet. This is all furnished from time to time on different websites and people can gain access to the same through search engines by typing in keywords. It is a very helpful and integral part of Web 2.0 because it has helped a large number of people in searching and finding information as per their n eeds with respect to reliable sources all over the internet. This is a practice that has been followed in the field of citizen journalism as well. It is also known as ‘gatekeeping’ news because anyone can post absolutely anything with respect to any topic of concern and that is why it has helped in creating a number of controversies all over the world as well. For example, in recent news, the founder of Wikileaks, Julian Assange was arrested for having leaked out vital information and news stories through such ways of citizen journalism; Wikileaks is a website whereby which news and stories are posted anonymously by reporters and people all over the world. Anyone can come ahead and submit information of importance to other people, and once it has been verified by the department at the website, it is published for the public in order to read and verify details regarding a certain topic at hand. (Gatewatching and Citizen Journalism) There are a number of communities and g roups that carry out gatewatching as well, instead of individual people having to submit their information elsewhere on to different websites. They help to offer a much better perspective along with a forum of discussion from people all around the world as to whatever has been happening or whatever has been posted. Axel Bruns, along with two other of his co workers, began the Gatewatching blog where the website is run with the help of information that they receive from all over the world with respect to important events happening in Australia, and now recently, everywhere. They have also, through the website, tried to promote the concept of citizen journalism, by taking on the task of reporting important events taking place during the Australian elections from the late 2008 and onwards. Such websites are very informative and provide opinions with respect to whatever has been happening, for the benefit of the common people who might not be aware of what has been going on in the news in their surroundings. They help people formulate their own opinions and not get swayed by a certain stance on a certain subject of matter or interest. Thus, it does help a great in bringing about democracy within a country. In countries like China where the government will even take the required steps, like it

Critical thinking and application paper Ethics Case Study

Critical thinking and application paper Ethics - Case Study Example The rule which has the best overall consequences is regarded as the best rule. This article is very pertinent to Gary Briar's issue since it also covers the pervasive corruption in foregin governments. The citizens of Afghanistan are afraid to report instances of corruption because they are afraid that they will be killed by government forces. The continuing corruption done by government officials constitutes a serious malady affecting the government. This article is related to the situation of Danny Briar as it features the strong dilemma of a Turkish government official pertaining to corruption being committed by other government officials. This article refers to the Turkish Interior Minister Saadettin Tantan, the leader of Turkey's anti-corruption drive, who has accused elements of the party of trying to slow his investigations. The move of Tantan was to resign from government office. Hence, Turkey has lost a key government official who could have stemmed the tide of corruption. This article is pertinent to the situation of Danny Briar as it attempts to take a proactive stance in dealing with corrupt officials. The article emphasizes the importance of putting out incentives to make officials forego corruption activities. This article features the private efforts of a Sudanese cellphone billionaire, Mo Ibrahim, who will give an annual prize worth more than US $5 million dollars to an African head of state who was freely elected, turned over power to a freely elected successor and governed well while in office. This prize can help all African leaders to govern well and avoid the temptation of robbing their country of natural resources. d.) "Border Agents, Lured by the Other Side" Randal Archibold and Andrew Becker. New York Times online. Mqy 27, 2008. Available at URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/27/us/27border.html This article is pertinent to the case study since it als deals with how government agents, border patrol agents are lured by money officers. The article features two Villarreal brothers who were former Border Patrol agents, who were suspected of helping to smuggle an untold number of illegal immigrants from Mexico and Brazil across the border. The Villarreal investigation were among the corruption cases that have alarmed officials in the Homeland Security Department. e.) "China Confirms Poison Was on Toy Beads" New York Times Online. By KEITH BRADSHER. Published: November 11, 2007. This article is similar to that of Danny Briar as it also features the case of poison found in Chinese toy beads, Acqua Dots. The Chinese government had confirmed the presence of poison on toy beads exported around the world. The brightly colored toy

The impact of the Global Economic Crisis on Developing States Essay

The impact of the Global Economic Crisis on Developing States - Essay Example This paper tries to evaluate the overall effects of the global financial crisis on developing countries. It analyzes the economic situations during the crisis in major developing states in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe. Extraordinary financing, massive flow of remittance in developing states, and high commodity costs were the fundamental components of the economic boom in the developing countries between 2003 and 2007. The global financial crisis (GFC) initially trembled the banking systems in North America and Europe. The first developing states to face the crisis were those which had its majority of financial sectors linked with the global market. Next, it caused impact on domestic and international trade as prices and volumes of manufacturing and commodities felled across the world. Low workers like, street vendors, garbage pickers along with blue-collar workers affected mostly due to job-and pay-cuts. As remittances from migrant workers from the North America and Europe hit badly, large population in developing and poor states, which were highly dependent on it, was significantly affected. Due to the global financial crisis of 2007, developing and emerging economies in all over the world faced a drastic drop in output growth. The aggregate GDP growth decline in the newly industrialized and emerging Asian economies such as, Singapore (17.9%), Hong Kong (10.9%), Malaysia (9.9%), and Korea (9.2%) was larger compare to that in the developing economies of Central and Eastern Europe such as Russia (14%), Turkey (9.6%), Poland (7.3%), and Hungary (4.3%). Among the Asian countries, Singapore had the greatest GDP growth decline followed by Hong Kong and Malaysia.

War on Terrorism and the Effect on Muslim Americans Essay Example for Free

War on Terrorism and the Effect on Muslim Americans Essay The American led war on terrorism has brought numerous concerns among human rights activists across the globe. This is because the war has been perceived as a tool for victimizing and discriminating individuals of the Islamic religion and nationality. Such have been closely attributed to the fact that the American nation blames Al-Qaeda and other Islamic terrorist groups of responsibility in many terror attacks in the world. Due to this reason, members of the Muslim American community are living in constant fear of discrimination, racial profiling and harassment by law enforcement since the September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers (Elaasar 93). In addition, increased publicity of organized crime group affiliated to the Islamic religion being involved in terrorism has evident discriminative attitude of Muslim Americans by other members of the society. This attitude is worsened by the provisions of the Patriotic Act of 2001 giving the government more power to identify and mitigate terrorism, most of which contradict the constitutional provisions on civil rights in America (Elaasar 93). This has denied Muslim Americans their rights to freedom of movement, privacy and free association. Despite the fact that the American government owes its citizens a duty to security against the disastrous social and economic effects of terrorism, such should not be taken as an excuse for victimizing members of the community simply due to their religion and nationality of origin. This paper identifies and discusses the effects brought by the war on terrorism to members of the Muslim American community. War on terrorism War on terrorism is a concerted effort by nations led by the United States to identify and eliminate members of organized crime groups which are engaged in executing terrorist activities across the globe (Sides and Gross). Although terrorism has for long been a major threat to security in countries particularly the US, the new struggle to combat was triggered by the bloody terrorist attack of the New York-based World Trade Center on September 11th 2001. True from available literature, the war on terrorism involves almost all aspects of sustainable social, security, political, and economic development strategies (Sides and Gross). Such are evident from the American led invasion in both Iraq and Afghanistan which witnessed the overthrowing of leaderships purported to promoting terrorist activities. On the other hand, numerous intelligence efforts have been engaged by respective law enforcement agents across the globe to identify terrorist group cycles and eliminate them. This also serves in enhancing the process of detecting, possible terrorism threats, target, and time of a planed attack to ensure adequate preparedness of the force in preventing and responding to such incidences. In addition, corporation among governments on the fight against terrorism has been on the increase. This has been closely attributed to the fact that terrorism threats are increasingly spreading to unexpected regions. As an emphasis to this claim, numerous attacks have been perpetuated by terrorists groups against their own members. Available information linking terrorist activities to Muslims claim of declaration of western civilization as the number one enemy to the Muslim community by Osama led Al-Qaeda terrorist group. thus, the numerous reported incidences of terrorist attacks in Muslim dominated nations is an indicator of the changing approach of terrorist, thus making every nation potentially vulnerable to terrorist attacks (Sides and Gross). On the other hand, the war on terrorism has taken a new approach as terrorist groups shifts attacks to cyber terrorism. This is one of the mainly purpose of the 2001 Patriotic Act which allows for increased government surveillance over the internet to help identify terror suspects executing crime activities online. The war on terrorism also covers the economic dimensions of the groups across the global society (Maira, and Jamal 12). Just to appreciate is the fact that executing a terrorist attack is highly involving financially. On the other side, available information from intelligence agencies has established that most individuals engaged in implementing terrorist attacks are funded by sponsors of terrorist groups. This has the implication that mitigating free flow of financial support to terrorism group serves an instrumental role in compromising their capacity to threaten security in the security. It is due to this reason why the American government has put in place checks and balances for qualifying the authenticity of transferring huge amount of money to individual (s) across the border. In addition, criminal activities like money laundering are perceived as a potential factor to the success of terrorist groups in the globe. Moreover, reports from the FBI has indicated a close link between organized crime groups in the nation and potential collaboration with terrorist groups to execute terrorists attacks in the US (Maira, and Jamal 27). This report claims that currently the American nation has an estimated over 31,000 organized crime groups spread across its numerous states. It is due to this reason why the American government is strongly involving its resource on the war on drug cartels and other violent organized crime groups. ? Effects of War on Terrorism on Muslim Americans The war on terrorism has many negative implications on the social and economic sustainability of the Muslim American community members. True to the letter, it is no doubt clear that terrorism activities in the western world are closely associated with members of Islamic religion or nationality of origin (Elaasar 20). This can be evident from historical claims which shown a longstanding conflict between Christianity and its western civilization and the Arabic world civilization. This is further complicated by the fact that all major terrorist attacks which have occurred in the world find claims of perpetuation by Islamic oriented terrorist groups. Muslim Americans have become victims of denied constitutional rights following the intensification of the war on terrorism since late 2001. According to available information, law enforcement agents have been granted legal authority to conduct unwarranted search and seizure on based on reasonable suspicion under the anti-terrorist war platform (Malkin 67). It is worthy noting that due to racial profiling by the law enforcement, most victims of terrorism suspicion are from the Islamic community. This has the indication that the war on terrorism has compromised the ability of the Muslim American community members to enjoy their constitutional rights to privacy and warranted search and seizure (Al-Marayati). In addition, the existing laws on terrorism find much contradiction to the provisions of the due process clause of the constitution. Unlike suspects of other crimes who enjoy their right to a legal counsel as well as speedy trail, victims of terrorism suspicion do not. Anti-terrorism laws allow for the putting terrorists suspects in custody for long period before taking them to court (Pew Research Center 35). In addition, the laws allows for deporting of terrorism suspect without giving them opportunity for a court trail. All these contradictions of the constitutional rights against the defendants of terrorism are inhuman, a factor which significantly affect the Muslim Americans for being the main victims of terrorist suspects in the nation. Another effect of the war on terrorism on Muslim Americans is increased social stigmatization and discrimination in the local community. Terrorism threats remain one of the most feared security threats among citizens of the United States. On the other hand, the population has been overwhelmed by the claim that Muslims are the major perpetuators of these dangerous activities. Due to this perception Muslim Americans find limited appreciation by other members in the social and economic fronts of the community (Pew Research Center 49). Such are no doubt a negation of their constitutional right to equal opportunity in the US. This can also be seen as a source of violence and hatred against this minority group. Some opponents of the war on terrorism claim of its effects in compromising commitment of the Muslim believer to effectively practice their religion. The enforcement of anti-terrorism laws in American has limited the ability of the Muslim Americans to engage in charitable works; a crucial religious requirement in the Islamic faith. According to the laws, transferring large sums of money to other nations by Muslims should involve verification from the law enforcement (Shah). Still, these members find much government resistance to engage in organized group contributions to help fellow Muslims in poor nations. It is worth noting that the threat posed on Muslim Americans by the war on terrorism is to be blamed for the reluctance by some members to fully commit to the faith to avoid harassment. Muslim Americans before/after 9/11 vs. Japanese Americans after WWI The relationship between the western and the Middle East has never been without conflict. However, such were not evidently affecting the social and economic aspects of Muslim American until the September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks in the US (Maira, and Jamal 26). This was due to the perception brought to the local against the Islamic community given the damage that was caused by the attack. On the other hand, the engagement of the government in intensive efforts to combat terrorism across the global is also to be blamed for worsening the lives of Muslim Americans (Menchik, and Payam). It is worthy appreciating that the war on terrorism has so far only identified members of Islamic community as the cause of threat to the community. Indeed, this relationship current problem facing Muslim Americans can be related to that of Japanese Americans during the WWI. According to historical information, Japan was perceived as a major enemy of the United States following their attack of an American submarine in the peril harbor (Arat 67). The information indicates that this attack was the driving force to America’s entering into the Second World War. Such enmity is no doubt evident from the later use of atomic bombs against the Japanese nation by the Americans during the WWII. Conclusion It has been established that the war on terrorism has negatively affected the Muslim American community. This is because it has led to the formulation and enforcement of laws which are discriminative to suspected or perceived members of terrorist groups. In addition, these laws have led to racial profiling and encouraged arrest of individual based of the principles of guilty by association. All these contradict the fundamental constitutional and universal human rights of terrorist suspects; most of who are Muslims.